Arterial Flashcards
What is hemorrhage?
The release of blood from a broken blood vessel, either inside or outside the body.
What is ischemia
Reduced blood flow
What is an aneurysm
A ballooning or weakened area in the artery
What is stenosis
a condition that occurs when a tubular structure or blood vessel narrows abnormally. It can also be referred to as a stricture.
What is transcatheter embolization?
An angiographic approach to create an embolus in a vessel to restrict blood flow either permanently or temporarily
What does embolization do?
Stop blood flow to a site of pathology
Reduce flow to a highly vascular structure or tumor before surgery
Stop active bleeding at a specific site
Deliver a chemotherapeutic agent to restrict blood flow to a tumor
What are temporary embolization agents?
Gel foam
Vasopressin or pitressin (vasoconstrictors)
What are permanent embolization agents?
Silicone beads/polyvinal alcohol (PVA)
Stainless steel steel coils
Detachable balloons
Glue (onyx)
What is a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
An angiographic approach using balloon catheters to dilate a stenosed vessel to restore blood flow
What is a stent placement
A cage like metal device placed in a vessel lumen to assist in maintaining patency of the stenosed area after angioplasty
What is endovascular repair (endograft)
Reinforces a ruptured or ballooning abdominal aortic aneurysm with a fabric-wrapped flexible mesh tube used to repair blood vessel
What is thrombolysis
When a vessel is blocked by fresh thrombus, the clot may be lysed (disintegrated) by passing a wire and catheter through the clot or as far into the clot as it will go and inject a dissolving agent through the catheter
where is the aorta located when referring to the spine?
positioned directly over the spine
At what vertebrae level does the celiac artery project?
T12
At what vertebrae level does the superior mesenteric artery project?
L1
At what vertebrae level does the renal arteries project?
L1-L2
At what vertebrae level does the inferior mesenteric artery project?
L3
At what vertebrae level does the aorta bifurcate into the iliac arteries?
L4
what are the arteries used for upper extremity arteriograms?
femoral artery - most common
axillary/brachial in the opposite arm
what is the catheter route in an upper extremity arteriogram?
goes until the aortic arch is reached
then brachiocephalic to right/left subclavian
what are the arteries used for the femoral/lower limb arteriograms?
femoral artery - most common
left axillary or brachial
what is the catheter route for the femoral/lower limb arteriograms?
until aortic bifurcation is reached
if the lower limb arteriogram is a bilateral injection, how is the flush catheter placed?
just above the aortic bifurcation
if the lower limb arteriogram is a single leg injection, how is the selective catheter placed?
in the common iliac artery
