Arterial

Question 1

Management of triple A

Answer 1

> Elective AAA repair (>5.5cm/ rapidly expanding)

• Open AAA repair
• Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)

> Conservative management (<5.5cm)

• Smoking cessation
• Aerobic exercise
• Periodic clinical evaluation

Question 2

Describe intermittent claudication

Answer 2

• Muscle pain (ache, cramp, numbness or sense of fatigue) classically in calf muscle
• Induced by exercise
• Relieved by short period of rest

Question 3

4 clinical features of chronic ischemia

Answer 3

• Pale and cold limb
• Weak or absent pulses
• Hair loss
• Skin changes (atrophic skin, ulceration, or gangrene)

Question 4

Definition of gangrene

Answer 4

• Macroscopic death of tissue due to critical ischemia

Question 5

2 causes of dry and wet gangrene

Answer 5

• Dry: atherosclerotic, Buerger’s disease

- Wet: Diabetic gangrene, Strangulation

Question 6

Investigation to asses level of arterial occlusion

Answer 6

• Duplex doppler ultrasound

- Contrast CT/ MR angiography