Art Section 4

Question 1

Why was Neoclacissm being driven in America during the late eighteenth century?

Answer 1

archaeological excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii and the rising popularity of the Grand Tour.

Question 2

What architectural projects did Jefferson make?

Answer 2

Monticello (1769−84; 1796−1809), the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond (1785−96), and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville

Question 3

What did Jefferson design while he was a minister to the French court in Paris?

Answer 3

Virginia State Capitol

Question 4

Who was Jefferson influenced by in terms of Neoclassical architecture?

Answer 4

Charles-Louis Clérisseau

Question 5

What does “Monticello” translate to?

Answer 5

“little mountain”

Question 6

initial design for Jefferson’s home demonstrated
the influence of what style?

Answer 6

Palladian

Question 7

The Palladian style relies heavily upon what?

Answer 7

symmetry

Question 8

Where did Jefferson place Monticello?

Answer 8

on top of a hill, viewing the surrounding Blue Ridge Mountains

Question 9

What was Jefferson doing while Monticello was at its second stage?

Answer 9

serving as vice president to John Adams

Question 10

What shape is utilized in Monticello (and not necessarily in Palladian architecture)?

Answer 10

octagons

Question 11

Which act set the site of the US Capitol in 1790?

Answer 11

The Residence Act

Question 12

What did L’Enfant determine would be the location of the capitol?

Answer 12

edge of Jenkin’s Hill

Question 13

Who won the $500 award for Jefferson’s competition?

Answer 13

Dr. William Thornton, a physician and amateur architect

Question 14

What did Thornton’s plan include for the Capitol?

Answer 14

low dome over a temple, flanked by rectangular wings north and south of both the House of Reps and Senate

Question 15

Which U.S. President laid the cornerstone the year Thornton’s plans were enacted?

Answer 15

Washington

Question 16

Who did Jefferson hire to oversee the construction of the U.S. capitol ten years after Thornton won the contest?

Answer 16

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

Question 17

Where was Latrobe born?

Answer 17

Leeds, England

Question 18

Who studied architecture and engineering with Samuel Pepys Cockerell and John Smeaton?

Answer 18

Latrobe

Question 19

What two projects are affiliated with Latrobe?

Answer 19

St. John’s Church in Washington, D.C.’s Lafayette Square, and the neoclassical Bank of Pennsylvania

Question 20

What did Latrobe add to the U.S. Capitol?

Answer 20

grand staircase to the Capitol plan, along with a Corinthian colonnade along the east front of the building.

Question 21

Who is responsible for the National Statuary Hall, the Old Senate Chamber, and the Old Supreme Court Chamber?

Answer 21

Latrobe

Question 22

Which Boston architect replaced Latrobe?

Answer 22

Charles Bulfinch

Question 23

What is Bulfinch best known for in design?

Answer 23

the Massachusetts Statehouse

Question 24

Who designed “Statue of Freedom”?

Answer 24

Thomas Crawford

Question 25

Who cast the “Statue of Freedom”?

Answer 25

Clark Mills with the assistance of an enslaved laborer named Phillip Reid at a bronze foundry outside of Washington.

Question 26

Where was the “Statue of Freedom” installed?

Answer 26

atop the Capitol dome in 1863

Question 27

Who was the first American sculptor to live and train in Florence?

Answer 27

Horatio Greenough

Question 28

What centennial anniversary was Greenough commissioned for Washington?

Answer 28

the president’s birth in 1732.

Question 29

What was the first major federal government art commission?

Answer 29

Greenough’s statue of Washington

Question 30

Greenough derived the (realistic) face from which artwork?

Answer 30

Jean-Antoine Houdon’s portrait of Washington.

Question 31

What are the relief sculptors around Greenough’s statue on the sides?

Answer 31

Hercules as an infant and Apollo, the Greek Sun
god.

Question 32

Fill in the blanks for the Chippewa names: Samuel was ___ while Edmonia was ___

Answer 32

Sunshine; Wildfire