Art Section 4 Flashcards
Why was Neoclacissm being driven in America during the late eighteenth century?
archaeological excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii and the rising popularity of the Grand Tour.
What architectural projects did Jefferson make?
Monticello (1769−84; 1796−1809), the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond (1785−96), and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville
What did Jefferson design while he was a minister to the French court in Paris?
Virginia State Capitol
Who was Jefferson influenced by in terms of Neoclassical architecture?
Charles-Louis Clérisseau
What does “Monticello” translate to?
“little mountain”
initial design for Jefferson’s home demonstrated
the influence of what style?
Palladian
The Palladian style relies heavily upon what?
symmetry
Where did Jefferson place Monticello?
on top of a hill, viewing the surrounding Blue Ridge Mountains
What was Jefferson doing while Monticello was at its second stage?
serving as vice president to John Adams
What shape is utilized in Monticello (and not necessarily in Palladian architecture)?
octagons
Which act set the site of the US Capitol in 1790?
The Residence Act
What did L’Enfant determine would be the location of the capitol?
edge of Jenkin’s Hill
Who won the $500 award for Jefferson’s competition?
Dr. William Thornton, a physician and amateur architect
What did Thornton’s plan include for the Capitol?
low dome over a temple, flanked by rectangular wings north and south of both the House of Reps and Senate
Which U.S. President laid the cornerstone the year Thornton’s plans were enacted?
Washington
Who did Jefferson hire to oversee the construction of the U.S. capitol ten years after Thornton won the contest?
Benjamin Henry Latrobe
Where was Latrobe born?
Leeds, England
Who studied architecture and engineering with Samuel Pepys Cockerell and John Smeaton?
Latrobe
What two projects are affiliated with Latrobe?
St. John’s Church in Washington, D.C.’s Lafayette Square, and the neoclassical Bank of Pennsylvania
What did Latrobe add to the U.S. Capitol?
grand staircase to the Capitol plan, along with a Corinthian colonnade along the east front of the building.
Who is responsible for the National Statuary Hall, the Old Senate Chamber, and the Old Supreme Court Chamber?
Latrobe
Which Boston architect replaced Latrobe?
Charles Bulfinch
What is Bulfinch best known for in design?
the Massachusetts Statehouse
Who designed “Statue of Freedom”?
Thomas Crawford
Who cast the “Statue of Freedom”?
Clark Mills with the assistance of an enslaved laborer named Phillip Reid at a bronze foundry outside of Washington.
Where was the “Statue of Freedom” installed?
atop the Capitol dome in 1863
Who was the first American sculptor to live and train in Florence?
Horatio Greenough
What centennial anniversary was Greenough commissioned for Washington?
the president’s birth in 1732.
What was the first major federal government art commission?
Greenough’s statue of Washington
Greenough derived the (realistic) face from which artwork?
Jean-Antoine Houdon’s portrait of Washington.
What are the relief sculptors around Greenough’s statue on the sides?
Hercules as an infant and Apollo, the Greek Sun
god.
Fill in the blanks for the Chippewa names: Samuel was ___ while Edmonia was ___
Sunshine; Wildfire
