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Acadeca Art > Art Section 1 > Flashcards

Art Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote “Natural History”?

A

The ancient Roman historian Pliny the Elder

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2
Q

Who wrote “The Lives of the Artists”?

A

Giorgio Vasari

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3
Q

Why was Vasari’s “The Lives of the Artists” so important?

A

It describes the developing concept of artistic genius.

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4
Q

Who was Johann Joachim Winckelmann?

A

a German scholar who shifted away from Vasari’s biographical emphasis to a rigorous study of stylistic development as related to historical context.

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5
Q

What was an effect of warming climate for the cave dwellers?

A

They began using rock shelters,

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6
Q

What sets the rock shelter paintings apart from the cave paintings?

A

cave paintings did not include any human beings (except for one), yet rock shelters did

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7
Q

Where is Stonehendge located?

A

Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England.

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8
Q

What is Stonehenge made of?

A

concentric rings made with sarsen (a form of
sandstone) stones and smaller “bluestones”—rocks indigenous to the region.

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9
Q

Outside the formation of Stonehendge, to the northeast, is the vertically placed “heel-stone.” What is its purpose?

A

this “heel-stone” marks the point at which the sun rises on the midsummer solstice.

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10
Q

Neo-Sumerian ruler was established as the King of _____

A

Ur

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11
Q

Where is the Code of Hammurabi preserved?

A

Louvre Museum

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12
Q

What do Assyrian relief sculptures depict?

A

battles, sieges, hunts, and other important
events.

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13
Q

When the Assyrian hold on power weakened in northern Mesopotamia, which civilization became dominant?

A

Babylonia

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14
Q

What is special about the temple of Bel, called the Ishtar Gate?

A

animal figures are superimposed on a walled surface.

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15
Q

What is the Persian Empire’s “Palace at Persepolis” made of?

A

stone, brick, and wood and reflects the influence of Egyptian architecture.

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16
Q

When did the Cycladic culture flourish?

A

flourished from about 3200 to 2000 bce in the Cyclades, a group of islands in the Aegean.

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17
Q

What specific art is represented in the Cycladic culture?

A
  • simplified, geometric nude female figures
  • decorated pieces of pottery
  • marble bowls and jars.
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18
Q

Minoan culture centered around the city of ___

A

Knossos on Crete, where the legend of the Minotaur devoured those who entered his maze

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19
Q

What is the Minoan culture’s Minotaur maze actually?

A

royal palace

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20
Q

What two major forms of art were employed by the Minoan culture?

A
  • frescoes painted on palace walls
  • pottery designs.
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21
Q

The collapse of the Minoan civilization coincided with the pinnacle of ___ culture

A

Mycenaean

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22
Q

What is special about Mycenaean culture art?

A
  • elaborate tombs
  • astonishing levels of mastery in goldsmithing
  • relief sculpture
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23
Q

the ___ style set figures against a floral,
ornamented background.

A

Corinthian

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24
Q

___ vases used black figures, but were more linear and larger in scale.

A

Athenian-style

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25
Q

Which type of columns did Early Classical Period temples use?

A

Doric

26
Q

the Parthenon, restored in 447 bce after being destroyed by the ___ in 480 bce,

A

Persians

27
Q

Which war was Athens defeated in?

A

The Peloponnesian War.

28
Q

“Venus de Milo” and the “Laocoön Group” are artworks of what period?

A

The Hellenistic Period

29
Q

What are special things about Etruscan art?

A
  • arts of tomb decoration
  • buildings constructed of brick and wood, so
    nothing remains
  • sarcophagus lids and other art forms made of
    baked clay
  • bronze work
  • only paintings that remain are those found on the
    walls and ceilings of tombs.
30
Q

The Colosseum and Pantheon are monuments by which empire?

A

The Romans

31
Q

What was common in for members in Roman funeral processions?

A

carry small carved images of the deceased family member.

32
Q

The Hagia Sophia is by what empire?

A

Byzantine

33
Q

The Book of Kells (late eighth or early ninth century) and the Coronation Gospels were from what period?

A

Medievel

34
Q

Saint-Sernin in Toulouse, France is what kind of style?

A

Romanesque

35
Q

What are features of Romanesque art?

A
  • Roman arch
  • stone vaulted (avoiding fire hazards)
  • tunnel of arches called a barrel vault
36
Q

What is an arch?

A

an arch-shaped structure that is used as a ceiling or as a support to a roof.

37
Q

What are some important elements of Gothic art?

A
  • pointed arches
  • ribbed vaults
  • flying buttresses
  • i.e. Chartres Cathedral
38
Q

Which artist epitomized the transition between Gothic and Renaissance art?

A

a Florentine named Giotto di Bondone, best known for his frescoes.

39
Q

What was a key innovation in Giotto’s works?

A

simple perspective by overlapping and modeling his figures in the round.

40
Q

The role of artists changed during what time period?

A

Renaissance

41
Q

Who won the competition held in the city of Florence in 1401 for the design of the doors for the city’s new baptistery?

A

Lorenzo Ghiberti

42
Q

What did Ghiberti make?

A

sacrifice of Isaac, in which Isaac appears as a classical Greek figure.

43
Q

What did Michelangelo call Ghiberti’s work?

A

The Gates of Paradise

44
Q

Who was the runner-up for the 1401 competition?

A

Filippo Brunelleschi

45
Q

What did Brunelleschi create?

A

complete the dome of the cathedral in Florence, and developed linear (single vanishing point) perspective.

46
Q

Who put Brunelleschi’s theory into practice?

A

Masaccio, as he used both linear and aerial perspective in his frescoes.

47
Q

Who made “David”?

A

Donatello

48
Q

Who made the painting “The Birth of Venus”?

A

Botticelli (not sure about the first name)

49
Q

What was Leonardo’s key innovation in the “Mona Lisa”?

A

Sfumato

50
Q

Who also sculpted “David”?

A

Michelangelo… Donatello too

51
Q

Why was Michelangelo hesitant on creating ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

A

Disappointed about the cancellation of his work on the Pope’s tomb

52
Q

How long did it take for Michelangelo to make the Sistine chapel?

A

FOUR YEARS! Because none of the other ninja turtles would help him

53
Q

Raphael received many commissions from who?

A

Pope Julius II

54
Q

Who created the Sistine Madonna?

A

Raphael

55
Q

What is Giorgione credited with?

A

making innovations in the subject matter of landscapes, as he painted scenes not taken from the Bible or from classical or allegorical stories.

56
Q

Who painted “The Tempest”- the landscape is the subject?

A

Giorgione

57
Q

Who was the greatest colorist of the Renaissance artists?

A

Titian Vecelli

58
Q

What is significant of Vecelli’s backdrops?

A

He abandoned an atmospheric neutral background for many pieces

59
Q

Which Venetian painter is linked to Mannerism?

A

Tintoretto

60
Q

What are Mannerist works characterized by?

A

*distortion of certain elements such as perspective
or scale
*use of acidic colors
* the twisted positioning of their subjects.

61
Q

Did he also use chiaroscuro?

A

yes

62
Q

Which artist is known for the Counter-Reformation?

A

Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco)….. doesn’t want to reform to Protestantism!

Acadeca Art (2 decks)

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