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Art Section 2 > ART SECTION 2 - The Fourth World > Flashcards

ART SECTION 2 - The Fourth World Flashcards

1
Q

A form of art where artists create an entire environment or
immersive experience within a space

A

Installation (pg. 51)

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2
Q

An artistic technique in which one artist strategically uses the form
of another artwork to give it new meaning

A

Appropriation (pg. 51)

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3
Q

An art movement characterized by a focus on emotion, nature,
individualism, and the sublime

A

Romanticism (pg. 52)

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4
Q

An art movement where artists incorporated organic materials
and/or outdoor environments directly into their artwork

A

Land art (pg. 53)

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5
Q

The occupation and governance of land led to displacing the
Indigenous inhabitants, many of whom were either killed or worked
to death

A

Californian Genocide (pg. 52)

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6
Q

Born in St. Mary’s, Ontario, Canada

A

Kent Monkman

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7
Q

Identifies as a Cree artist and is a member of the Fisher River Cree Nation

A

Kent Monkman

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8
Q

One of the most prominent and widely recognized Indigenous North American
artists working today

A

Kent Monkman

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9
Q

Made “The Fourth World”

A

Kent Monkman

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10
Q

Artists such as _____ showed photographs that had been taken of other
photographs

A

Sherrie Levine

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11
Q

Modern photographer like ______ have two photographs that communicate
differently because of the time in which they were made

A

Walker Evans

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12
Q

Made the painting “Cho-looke. the Yosemite Fall”

A

Albert Bierstadt

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13
Q

Albert Bierstadt was alongside what contemporaries

A

Thomas Moran and Thomas Hill

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14
Q

Romantic paintings played a role in convincing who to dedicate national park
lands to protect the kind of environments shown by Bierstadt

A

members of Congress

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15
Q

Made “Clara - Clara”

A

Richard Serra

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16
Q

Critiqued Edward Curtis stereotyped photographs of Native Americans

A

Will Wilson

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17
Q

Did stereotypes photographs of Native Americans

A

Edward Curtis

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18
Q

Made “Tilted Arc”

A

Richard Serra

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19
Q

Complained about “Tilted Arc” due it being cast as a controversy

A

Richard Serra

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20
Q

Different media’s of Kent Monkman

A

Painting, Film, Video, Performance, and Installation

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21
Q

What does Kent Monkman’s work address

A

Histories of colonization and Indigenous culture

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22
Q

What photographs did Sherrie Levine show

A

Photographs that had been taken of other photographs rather than live subjects

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23
Q

How do photographs of photographers like Sherrie Levine and Walker Evans differ

A

Their two photographs communicate differently because of the time in which they were made, the identity of the artist, and their intention in making the work

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24
Q

Two artistic traditions in “Fourth World”

A

19th century American Romantic landscape painting & 20th century site-specific sculpture

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25
Q

How many blond-male figures are depicted in “Fourth World”

A

3

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26
Q

How are the male figures depicted in “Fourth World”

A

2 on horseback and 1 waving his camouflage shirt wildly above his head

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27
Q

What are the male figures doing in “Fourth World”

A

Corralling a small herd of bison (buffalo) through two curved walls set beneath the Yosemite Falls

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28
Q

How many curved walls are depicted in “Fourth World”

A

2

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29
Q

What are bison often called

A

Buffalo

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30
Q

Where are the curved walls depicted

A

Beneath Yosemite Falls

31
Q

The depiction of the waterfall is based on another painting called

A

“Cho-looke, the Yosemite Fall”

32
Q

Part of an influential group of americans who traveled throughout the western US in the late 19th centuries

A

Albert Bierstadt

33
Q

What kind of paintings did Albert Bierstadt and contemporaries like Thomas Moran and Thomas Hill paint

A

Dramatic vistas of mountains and waterfalls to be displayed back in the East

34
Q

What did large-scale paintings that show dramatic mountains and waterfalls show

A

The American West to be a landscape of fantastic drama and beauty

35
Q

What did large-scale paintings that show dramatic mountains and waterfalls draw upon

A

Romanticism European

36
Q

What was the use of Romanticism European in large-scale paintings

A

To stir interest among the American public in expanding the land claimed by the U.S. all the way to the Pacific Ocean

37
Q

What did paintings that associated with the doctrine of Manifest Destiny play a direct role in

A

Convincing members of Congress to dedicate national park lands to protect the kind environments shown by Bierstadt

38
Q

The Romantic tradition of American landscape paintings of the West had the effective of protecting places from

A

Large-scale settlements

39
Q

Who were displaced and killed during the occupation and the governance of lands by the U.S.

A

Indigenous Inhabitants

40
Q

Tribe of people not depicted in Monkman’s painting or Bierstadt’s original

A

Miwok People

41
Q

The two groups that would be shown in Monkman’ painting or Bierstadt’s original

A

One group of white pioneers gathered around a campfire and a second group seen by the water on horseback

42
Q

“Fourth World” depicts contemporary men doing what

A

“playing Indian”

43
Q

What does it mean when contemporary men are “playing Indian”

A

They are performing their own appropriation of Indigenous cultural practice for personal enjoyment

44
Q

What are the 3 men in “Fourth World” wearing and what does it show

A

They are wearing green camouflage, which from head-to-toe remains a means for hunters to disguise themselves in the wild

45
Q

What does the camouflage become when the man is topless in “Fourth World”

A

More of a fashion statement, aligning its wearer with the mass popularization of military style

46
Q

The horses that the men ride are associated with

A

Native Americans during the period of the “Wild West”

47
Q

The horses the men ride were

A

animals that had been introduced to North America by European colonists beginning in the 16th century

48
Q

The second appropriation in “Fourth World”

A

The copper-colored walls through which the bison run

49
Q

The 2 appropriations used in “Fourth World”

A

1) The artist traditions of American Romantic landscape painting and site-specific sculpture 2) The copper-colored walls through which the bison run

50
Q

The copper-colored walls are a copy of the artwork

A

“Clara-Clara”

51
Q

What is the actual color of the copper walls

A

Weathered color of rusted COR-TEN steel

52
Q

Material preferred by Richard Serra for his sculptures

A

Rusted COR-TEN steel

53
Q

Media of Richard Serra

A

Large-scale, site-specific sculpture

54
Q

What movement was Richard Serra part of

A

Postminimilism

55
Q

What movement did Richard Serra work alongside of

A

Land art movement

56
Q

Why did Richard Serra work alongside the land art movement

A

To establish site-specificity

57
Q

Where was “Tilted Arc” originally installed

A

Lower Manhattan in 1981

58
Q

Where did the money for “Tilted Arc” come from

A

Public Funds

59
Q

“Tilted Arc” was cast in controversy and got complaints from

A

A small number of federal white-collar workers employed in the area

60
Q

What resulted due to complaints of “Tilted Arc”

A

A hearing was organized to discuss relocating the sculpture

61
Q

Why did Richard Serra not want to relocate “Tilted Arc”

A

Moving it was tantamount to negating its site-specificity and therefore the work as a whole

62
Q

What eventually happened to “Tilted Arc”

A

It was removed from the site in 1989

63
Q

Why did Richard Serra say his art “Tilted Arc” was destroyed

A

Because it was removed from its site

64
Q

What other artpiece of Richard Serra’s was moved

A

“Clara-Clara”

65
Q

Where was “Clara-Clara” originally installed

A

In the Beaubourg area of Paris

66
Q

Where was “Clara-Clara” moved to

A

Paris Tuileries Garden for the exhibition “Monumenta 2008”

67
Q

How does Monkman employ “Clara-Clara” in “Fourth World”

A

As a buffalo jump

68
Q

What did Native Americans traditionally use to direct bison for slaughter

A

natural land formations like two narrow cliffs

69
Q

What does the presence of “Clara-Clara” invoke

A

Impending slaughter; Alluding to the mass killing of bison that took place across the 19th century to the point that the animals were on the brink of extinction

70
Q

Why is Monkman’s painting “Fourth World” purposefully impossible

A

It’s an image that seems realistic because of the many incorrect assumptions that the general public still hold about cultural practices of specific Indigenous communities

71
Q

What did Monkman comment about the art from the 19th century

A

The paintings of the time were a manifesto and this was how European’s imagine what they saw North America as becoming, how they saw themselves taking ownership of it and how they saw the indians relate to themselves and the land

72
Q

Whose earlier painting’s does Monkman invoke

A

George Catlin’s earlier paintings of the 19th documenting and effectively type-casting native subjects

73
Q

What connects with the phrase “Fourth World”

A

The diminishing of culture and its ability to thrive

74
Q

What do the First, Second, Third, and Fourth World refer to

A

Cultures that are without their own sovereignty because they’re forced to exist within another political nation

Art Section 2 (10 decks)

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