Art Section 2 Flashcards
What denomination rejected religiuos painting in their places of worship?
PUritans
What type of portraiture did Puritan painters favor?
Elizabethan
What style of portraiture dominated British art in the eighteenth century?
Grand Manner
Whose painting style inspired Grand Manner portraiture?
Anthony van Dyck
What two things describe Elizabethan portraiture?
linear and heavily focused on costume details
Who are the pendant portraits referenced in the guide for?
John Freake and Elizabeth Freake
hen were the Freake portraits painted?
1670s
Who was the painter of the Freake portraits?
unknown - itinerant limner
What two occupations did John Freake have?
merchant and lawyer
What six features of John Freake’s portrait are noted in the guide?
intricate lace collar, elaborate cuffs, gloves, dark brown velvet coat, 22 shiny, silver buttons
What five features of Elizabeth Freake’s portrait are noted in the guide?
pearl necklace, garnet bracelet, gold ring, ribbons, lace
Where would the lace worn by the Freakes have come from?
Europe
Where would the pearls worn by Elizabeth Freake have come from?
China
Where would the garnets worn by Elizabeth have come from?
India
Who created a seaside portrait in 1680?
Thomas Smith
What notable feature was included in Smith’s self portrait?
A memento mori symbol
What does memento mori mean in latin?
Remember that you will die
What was the memento mori included in Smith’s self portrait?
skull
What two descriptors characterize colonial folk portraits?
flatness and linearity
Who introduced modeling and naturalism into the colonies?
John Smibert
Where was Smibert born, and where did he study art?
Scotland, London
Who was the first academically trained artist to live and work in the colonies?
Smibert
What did Smibert paint in 1728?
The Bermuda Group
How did The Bermuda Group show Smibert’s skill?
it showed an arrangement of figures in different poses
Where was Copley born?
Boston
When was Copley born?
1738
Who were Copley’s parents?
Richard and Mary Singleton Copley
Who was Copley’s stepfather?
Peter Pelham
How long after he married Copley’s mother did Pelham die?
three years
Whose studio did Copley purchase?
Smibert
Unlike most American artists in the eighteenth century, Copley was ________
self-taught
Why was Copley highly sought-after?
lifelike, richly detailed portraits
Where did Henry Pelham send Boy with a Flying Squirrel?
Society of Artists of Great Britain
Whose attention did Copley attract in London?
Benjamin West
Who did Copley marry?
Susanna Farmham Clarke
When did Copley marry Clarke?
1769
How many children did Copley and Clarke have?
six
Where did Copley and Clarke own a home?
Beacon Hill
Who was Clarke’s father in law?
Richard Clarke
Where did Copley move in 1774?
London
When was Paul Revere born?
1734
What religious group was Paul Revere’s father and what was his name?
French Huguenot, Apollos Rivoire
Who was Revere’s mother?
Deborah Hitchborn
What did Hitchborn’s family own?
Shipping wharf
How many siblings did Paul Revere have?
12
What was Revere’s father’s occupation?
silversmith
What war did Revere serve in?
French and Indian
In what year did Revere join the sons of liberty?
1765
In addition to engraving silver, what did Revere do?
operated a printing press
When was the Boston Massacre?
1770
Who did Revere engrave after 1770?
Henry Pelham
What change in buying silver pieces occurred after the end of the Revolution?
people began purchasing large tea services
Where did the silver for Revere’s teapots come from?
Mexico
Where can Revere’s silverwork be found today? (2)
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and Metropolitan Museum of Art
How long after his death did Revere gain fame?
forty years
Who wrote Paul Revere’s Ride?
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
When and where was Paul Revere’s Ride published?
January 1861 in The Atlantic Monthly
When was the famous ride by Revere?
April 18, 1775
Who actually completed the mission of alerting people about the approach of the British army to Lexington?
Samuel Prescott
What did Revere occasionally produce for Copley?
silver frames
What makes Revere’s portrait distinct from those made in Europe?
He holds a teapot and has dirty fingernails
Revere’s dress could best be described as what?
informal
When was Paul Revere’s portrait commissioned?
1767
When were the Townshend Acts enacted?
1766
What did the Townshend Acts taxZ?
glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea
What four things is Revere said to have produced?
spoons, buttons, tankards, coffee pots
When was the Boston Tea Party?
1773
Where were the portraits of Samuel Adams and John Hancock displayed?
Faneuil Hall in Boston
When did the Revere portrait become known to the public?
1928
What museum first showed the Revere portrait?
Museum of Fine Arts
Where was Phillis Wheatley born?
Gambia in West Africa
When was Wheatley born?
1753
When did Wheatley arrive in Boston?
1761
What was the name of the slave ship that transported Wheatley to America?
Phillis
How many enslaved people lived in boston in 1761, and what was its population?
1,000 and 15,000
Who sold Phillis Wheatley to John Wheatley?
John Avery
What three languages did Phillis learn to read?
Greek, Latin, and English
What four classic authors was Phillis familiar with?
Alexander Pope, John Milton, Virgil, Ovid, Homer
In what newspaper did Wheatley publish her first poem?
Newport Mercury
For what 1770 poem did Wheatley attract attention?
Elegy for George Whitefield
What religion was George Whitefield a founder of?
Methodism
Who supported Phillis’s book?
Selena Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
Why did Hastings support Phillis’s work?
George Whitefield had been her chaplain
What was the title of Wheatley’s book?
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral
How old was Wheatley when her book was published?
20
Who did Wheatley dedicate her book to?
Hastings
When was it ruled that enslaved people could not be moved out of England against their will?
1772
Who arranged for Wheatley’s emancipation?
Susanna Wheatley
When did Wheatley’s book of poetry arrive in New England?
January 1774
What did Wheatley request of Washington when she sent a poem?
That they meet in Cambridge
What two well known people did Wheatley meet with?
Benjamin Franklin and Brook Watson
What was the title of Wheatley’s poem commemorating the end of the Revolutionary War?
Liberty and Peace, A Poem
When did Susanna Wheatley die?
1774
When did John and Mary Wheatley die?
1778
Who did Wheatley marry?
John Peters
How could Wheatley’s marriage best be described?
strained
How many children did Wheatley have?
Three
When did Wheatley’s die (age)?
31
Where was the Portrait of Wheatley in the guide published?
Front of her poetry book
Who printed Wheatley’s portrait?
Archibald Bell
Whose portrait of Wheatley was the guide portrait likely based on?
Scipio Moorhead
What made Wheatley’s portrait unique?
It showed her as an intellectual
