Art over the course of history

Question 1

Paleolithic

Answer 1

30,000-9,000 BCE

Question 2

mesiolithic

Answer 2

the period in between paleolithic and neolithic

Question 3

subject matter of paleolithic art

Answer 3

animals or fertile women

Question 4

drawing

Answer 4

two dimensional, using lines to create a design.

It often is representative and conveys an imitation of a place or thing.

Done with dry media.

Question 5

painting

Answer 5

two dimensional, can be represintative, abstract, or nonobjective.

a painting always focuses on forms, colors, and textures.

Question 6

manner of representation of subject matter

Answer 6

what is being represented in the work of art

Question 7

fertility images

Answer 7

scultpures that represented fertility usually had aspects of the women holding her stomach, having large hips, and sometimes holding symbolistic items like a bison horn to represent menstrual cycles.

Question 8

cave painting: why and how

Answer 8

usually represented the animals they were hunting

where deep into the cave so they often had to carry a light and get materials that weren’t near where they were painting

Question 9

free standing scultpture

Answer 9

a sculpture that is not designed to be attatched to the wall, you can see all sides of it.

Question 10

relief sculpture

Answer 10

sculpture that projects in varying degrees from a two dimensional background

Question 11

neolithic

Answer 11

8,000-2,000 BCE

occured earliest in Mesopotamia

Question 12

henges

Answer 12

a circular area, often containing a circle of stones or sometimes wooden posts.

Question 13

post and lintel

Answer 13

two upright members [columns, posts, piers] hold up a third member [lintel, beam, girder, rafter] laid horizontally across their top surfaces. This is the basis for the evolution of all openings.

Question 14

mesopotamia

Answer 14

greek for “land between the rivers”

humans first used the plow and wheel, controlled floods, and built irrigation canals.

Earliest writing orinated here.

Earliest historical period.

Question 15

royal cemetery at ur

Answer 15

19th century archaeologist LEonard Woolley excavated it in the 1920s, xcontained lavish 3rd millennium sumerian burials.

Question 16

leonard woolley

Answer 16

British Archaeologist that uncovered the Royal Cemetery at Ur

Question 17

sumerians

Answer 17

lived in the southern part of what is now iraq, between the tigris and euphrates rivers. earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern mesopotamia.

established the first large urban communities.

developed the earliest system of writing; cuneiform.

made up of a dozen or so “city-states” each under the protection of a different mesopotamian god.

Question 18

cuneiform

Answer 18

the earliest known system of writing, originally developed to write the sumerian language in mesopotamia.

Question 19

ziggurat

Answer 19

a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.

Ziggurats could be visited by the common folk, but only high members of society and religion could enter the temple.

their gods lived in the sky, they wanted their temples to be closer so they could be reached easier.

Question 20

temple/waiting rooms

Answer 20

simple one room structures usually built on ziggurats that was used for religious purpouses.

gods would descend and appear to sumerian sinside the temple complex, only communitie leaders could enter into the temple.

Question 21

votice offering

Answer 21

an object that is displayed or deposited in a sacred place for religious purposes, the object is not intended to be recovered or used.

Question 22

conceptual approach to figure representation

Answer 22

mesopotamia focused on ceneptual approach about to egypt focusing on figure representation.

Question 23

namer

Answer 23

unified egypt by means of the conquest of lower egypt by upper egypt

Question 24

polytheism

Answer 24

belief in multiple gods

Question 25

how egyptians depicted their gods and kings in art

Answer 25

making them in the very center and larger than all the other figures

Question 26

palette

Answer 26

carved siltsone, commonly used for crushing up coal to put under their eyes when working in the sun [makeup pallete] and used as ceremoniial tablets

Question 27

hieroglyphs

Answer 27

egyptian form of writing using pictures "sacred carving"

Question 28

composite pose

Answer 28

represents the body in an anatomically impossible twist usually in egypt art

Question 29

hierarchical composition

Answer 29

the use of size to make the important members larger and more easy to spot ordering of the parts that make up a system king/pharoah members of court priest and scribes regional governers generals of military artisans and merchants peasants and slaves

Question 30

mastaba

Answer 30

rectangular superstructure of ancient egyptian tombs

Question 31

stepped pyramid

Answer 31

architectural structure that uses flat platforms or steps receding from the ground

Question 32

imhotep

Answer 32

architect that designed the stepped pyramid and mortuary precint of djoser

Question 33

gizeh

Answer 33

where the great pyramids are located

Question 34

components of pyramid complexes

Answer 34

pyramid temple- located next to the pyramid valley temple- located further away from the pyramid causeway- which is a large ramp or pathway that connects the two temples mortuary temple- located nect to the pyramid small pyramid- satellite pyramid enclosure wall courtyard pavilion- located near the nile burial chamber offering hall annexes storage

Question 35

sphinx

Answer 35

mythological creature with a lions and a human head represents power, protection, and sacred life

Question 36

ka

Answer 36

the spiritual part of an individual human being or god, which survived after death and would reside in the tomb or statue.

Question 37

ka statute

Answer 37

intended to provide a resting place for the ka of the person after death

Question 38

valley of the kings

Answer 38

unlike the old kingdom kinds and nobles in the new kingdom buried their tombs deep in the cliffs west of the nile

Question 39

hatsheput

Answer 39

daughter of king thutmose I, became queen when she married her half-brother, thutmose II around the age of 12 when he died, she acted as a regent for her stepson, thitmose III, but later took on the full powers of a pharaoh, becoming co-ruler of egypt around 1473 bc. Often represented herself as a man to the public and statues that represented her would be built like men.

Question 40

tutankhamen

Answer 40

was eight when he ascended the throne and became pharoah, the only intact tomb recovered.

Question 41

howard carter

Answer 41

british archaelologust that discovered the intact tomb of king tut after years of not finding anything within his career.

Question 42

permanence and continuity

Answer 42

greek art contrasts egyptian art by the desire to continually try to improve their efforts by changing their approach and style

Question 43

polytheism

Answer 43

the beliefs of many gods

Question 44

anthropomorphic

Answer 44

there gods were in human form andpossessed human weaknesses and emotions

Question 45

olympian gods

Answer 45

their gods lived ontop of mount olympus, the pantheon of gods was male-centered and patriarchal.

Question 46

sanctuaries

Answer 46

belief that gods chose these sites and were sacred to one or more god. The greeks enclosed them and built temples and other structures around them.

Question 47

kouros

Answer 47

a statue of a standing nude you that did not represent any one individual youth but the idea of youth itself.

Question 48

kore

Answer 48

a statue of a young woman usually used to mark graves or as a votive offering to the gods

Question 49

peplos

Answer 49

a rich outer robe or shawl worn by greek woman

Question 50

kritios boy

Answer 50

first example of contrapposto posture, or the standing human figure poised in such that the weight rests on one leg, while the other is bent.

Question 51

contrapposto pose

Answer 51

weight is resting on one leg, while the other is bent. the first greek sculpture that used this was the kritios boy.

Question 52

hollow bronze casting

Answer 52

around 460 bce the greeks started using hollow bronze scultptures instead of marble so it could be melted quickly if they needed to and could be made into weapons, it being easier to melt aloowed them to fix or repair them if they were damaged or out of date. It also was sturdier and didnt break as easy.

Question 53

polukleitos

Answer 53

the best known scultpor whos famous sculpture doryphoros [spear-bearer] was knwon throughout the ancient world because he created it to illustrate his treatise on the ideal form for a nude male athlete.

Question 54

doryphoros

Answer 54

spear-bearer, polykleitos famous work known as the sculpture for his work the canon on the ideal nude male athlete

Question 55

athens

Answer 55

capitol of atiica region and home to the panthegon

Question 56

greek architectural orders

Answer 56

doric, ionic, corinthian

Question 57

doric order

Answer 57

represents the transition from impermanent materials to permanent materials

Question 58

ionic order

Answer 58

known for its voluted capital, a curved echinis decorated with a horizontal band that scrolls under to either side

Question 59

search for perfection

Answer 59

the greeks focused on perfecting their scultpures to reflect the human body

Question 60

Waterworn Pebble

Answer 60

resembles a human face, Makapansgat South Africa 3,000,000 bce. jasperite the first piece of art we discussed, focused on what we considered art. art has to have human intervention, some argue that the waterworn pebble isnt considered art.

Question 61

Marcel Duchamp, Fountain

Answer 61

Photographed by Joseph Stieglitz 1917, changed what we considered art and what was "worthy" of the title art.

Question 62

James Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold

Answer 62

Art for arts sake, "flinging a pot of paint in the publics face" - john ruskin changed the way we described art in the 1875 court hearing about john ruskins accusation that james whistler was swindling the public by selling this as art. only recieved a penny from it and caused him to eventually lose his money, but changed art and they way we viewed it forever.

Question 63

Jean-Michel Baquiat Untitled

Answer 63

1982, acrylic, spray paint, and oilstick on canvas, sold for $110.5 million

Question 64

Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free

Answer 64

1867, marble statue that signifies two recently released slaves praying to their god

Question 65

Eva Hesse, Untitled

Answer 65

latex, rope, string, and wire signify her fight with cancer, her family and friends submitted this work after they found it after she passed away due to cancer

Question 66

Ai Weiwei, Remembrance

Answer 66

2009, germany, 9,000 backpacks to signify the students that died in the earthquake due to paid off architecture inspecters.

Question 67

Ai Weiwei, SACRED

Answer 67

a six part work composed of six dioramas in fiberglass and iron installed in the church of sant antonin venice italy religious instilation s[upper] a[ccusers] c[leansing] r[itual] e[ntrophy] d[oubt]

Question 68

Bison, Altamira Cave Painting

Question 69

Nude Woman [Venus] from willendorf

Answer 69

willendorf austria 28000 bce limestone represented fertility in women using large belly, breasts, women reporoductive syste,, large hips, and stayed vague with no head details

Question 70

Nude Woman holding bison horn

Answer 70

laussel bordogne france 25000 bce painted limestone relief sculpture

Question 71

Spotted horses and negative hand imprints

Answer 71

wall painting in the cave at pech-merle, lot france 22,000 bcethe first artwork that featured negative space in the design

Question 72

stonehenge

Answer 72

salisbury plain wiltshire england 2550 bce dont move

Question 73

standard of ur

Answer 73

royal cemetery, ur modern tell muqayyar, iraq, 2600 bce. wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone had two sides for going into battle and coming home. war side- featured sumerians fighting the battle and bringing the other army to their god for punishment

Question 74

statuettes of worshippers from square temple at eshunna

Answer 74

modern tell asmar iraq 2700 bce gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone freestanding one of the earliest examples of sculptures

Question 75

palette of narmer

Answer 75

hierakonpolis egypt predynastic 3000 bce slate originally palletes are used for crushing up coal to put under your eyes but this one was made as propaganda to tell show the unification of upper and lower egypt by narmer and to show how powerful he is

Question 76

great pyramids, gizeh

Answer 76

egypt dynasty IV made up of three smaller pyramids 1. Menkaure 2490 2. Khafre 2520 3. Khufu 2551

Question 77

sphinx

Answer 77

in front of pyramid khafre, sandstone giant statue with the head of a pharoah and the body of a lion.

Question 78

khafre

Answer 78

from gizeh, dynasty IV 2520 bce diorite this statue represented khafre who had made the second largest pyramid at giza the sphinx sets in front of his pyramid and bears a resembelence to him.

Question 79

mortuary temple of hatshepsut

Answer 79

deir el-bahri egypt dynasty XVIII 1473 on the river of the nile, a place for her followers to worhsip her even after her death

Question 80

hatshepsut with offering jars

Answer 80

from the upper court of her mortuary temple dier el-bahri, egypt 1473 red granite a place for the people to make offers to her

Question 81

innermost coffin of kind tut

Answer 81

from his tomb at thebes egypt dynasty XVIII 1323 bce gold inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones

Question 82

kouros

Answer 82

600 bce marble statue one of the first of greek art, represented a male nude figure and had art details that the egyptians used, this changed quickly in the future

Question 83

peplos kore

Answer 83

from the acropolis athens greece 530 bce marble one of the first female statues from greek art most of her body was designed to not show any of her legs or body, rectangular shape. one of the first to have an arm reaching out instead of beside her body. it was broken off reddish tint to her

Question 84

kritios boy

Answer 84

from the acropolis athens greece 480 bce marble, this showed evolution in greek art and a focus on their own style they started targeting perfection and detail on the human body and movement, started working with appendeges moving out of the body, this is why alot of the statues have broken limbs off

Question 85

zeus [or poseidon] bronze statue

Answer 85

from the sea off cape artemision greece 460 bce bronze an early example of the greeks starting to make their statues out of bronze instead of marble so they could easlily melt them down for emergency weapons, reusing the medium if it went out of style, and didn't break as easily they can't tell if it is zeus or posieden because the trident or lighting bolt was taken out to be melted down for weapons

Question 86

polykleitos, doryphoros

Answer 86

spear-bearer, marble, pompeii italy 450 bce originally bronze in greek art but it was recreated in marble from the romans

Question 87

aphrodite of knidos

Answer 87

roman marble copu after greek originial 350 bce shows a nude women getting in the bath and derobing one of the first statues to show a woman nude, before it was considered not socially acceptable to show a woman nude. this statue also shows aphrodite getting on the human level as she is stepping down to our level

Question 88

Dry Media

Answer 88

pen, chalk, charcoal, pencil, ink, or markers.

Question 89

Wet Media

Answer 89

Paint, ink

Question 90

low relief

Answer 90

projection from a supporting background that is shallow

Question 91

high relief

Answer 91

generally more than half the mass of the sculpture projects from the background