Art FinalB Flashcards by Natania Cortez

___ is an eighteenth-century phase of the Baroque era that is characterized by lighter colors, greater wit, playfulness, occasional eroticism, and yet more ornate decoration.
a. Rococo
b. Neoclassicism
c. Romanticism
d. Realism
e. Symbolism

a. Rococo

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____’s fete galante paintings, such as the “Pilgrimage to Cythera”, depict the outdoor amusements of French upper-class society with an air of suave gentility of the Rococo taste.
a. Jacques-Louis David
b. Honore Fragonard
c. Antoine Watteau
d. Elizabeth Vigee Le Brun

c. Antoine Watteau

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The female artist ___ elevated the sitter by conveying refinement and elegance while clearly individualizing the sitter.

Elizabeth Vigee Le Brun

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When considering the modernity and modern art the key component to this movement began as a direct outgrowth and reflection of the ___.

Industrial Revolution

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The Neoclassical Period is also thought of as the Age of
a. Innocence
b. Enlightenment
c. Decadence

b. Enlightenment

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The return to the classical style of the Neoclassical period was based upon the excavations of __ which began in 1748.
a. Pompeii and Herculaneum
b. Budapest
c. Atlantis

a. Pompeii and Herculaneum

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Neoclassical painter-ideologist of the French Revolution __’s painting the “Oath of the Horatii” celebrates ancient Roman patriotism and sacrifice featuring statuesque figures and classical architecture.
a. Jacques-Louis David
b. Honore Fragonard
c. Antoine Watteau
d. Elizabeth Vigee Le Brun

a. Jacques-Louis David

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___ is a nineteenth-century movement that depicted Enlightenment ideals, and can be thought of in terms of the depiction of heroism, and idealism. Furthermore, there was an interest in rationality, truth, reason, and logic.
a. Rococo
b. Neoclassicism
c. Romanticism
d. Realism
e. Symbolism

b. Neoclassicism

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The painting “The Death of General Wolfe” by ___ used modern dress rather than antique drapery to depict a contemporary historical event within a classical composition, and represents an episode of the conquest of Quebec in 1759.
a. Angelica Kauffmann
b. Jacques-Louis David
c. Honore Fragonard
d. Benjamin West

d. Benjamin West

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Jefferson based his design for Monticello on the work of ___.
a. Palladio
b. Borromin
c. Brunelleschi
d. Inigo Jones
e. Bernini

a. Palladio

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___ is considered to be the first modern art historian, who was one of the first to systematically organize art by style and period.

Wincklemann

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___ is a nineteenth-century movement that rebelled against academic neoclassicism by seeking extremes of emotion as enhanced by exceptional brushwork and a brilliant palette. It may be thought of as a counter-Enlightenment movement, or perhaps as an oppositional phase of Enlightenment that was grounded in difference rather than uniformity.
a. Rococo
b. Neoclassicism
c. Romanticism
d. Realism
e. Symbolism

c. Romanticism

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Romanticism believed in the notion that ___, and they also valued sincere feeling and honest emotions.
a. Feeling is All
b. Feeling is Dead
c. Feeling is Feeling

a. Feeling is All

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According to Emanuel Kant the “sublime” is something that is __.
a. full of romantic love
b. the natural goodness of all beings
c. terrifyingly beautful
d. sentimentality
e. heroic action

c. terrifyingly beautiful

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Social-Romanticist __ depicted horrified expressions and anguish on the massacred Spanish in his ““The Third of May, 1808,” endowing them with a humanity lacking in the French firing squad.
a. Eugene Delacroix
b. Francisco de Goya
c. Gustave Courbet

b. Francisco de Goya

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___’s painting “Liberty Leading the People” probably best exemplifies the common notion of romantic art.

Eugene Delacroix

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Because of America’s relatively short period of history artists during the early 19th century were investigating their own type of History Painting – that of
a. Landscape painting
b. Religious painting
c. Stylized portraits

a. Landscape painting

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The Hudson River School was a group of nineteenth-century American landscape painters who worked in the eastern United States along the Hudson River. ___’s painting “The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northhampton, Mass)” presents the group’s ideas of expansive wilderness incorporating the “Sublime”, Manifest Destiny, and the romantic appeal to the public.

Thomas Cole

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Writing the manifesto on Realism, the painting “Burial at Ornans” by ___ epitomizes the style of realism.
a. Eugene Delacroix
b. Gustave Courbet
c. Thomas Eakins

b. Gustave Courbet

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___ is a style of art characterized by portraying subject matter accurately, truthfully, and the “truthful, objective and impartial representation of the real world, based on the meticulous observation of contemporary life.”
a. Rococo
b. Neoclassicism
c. Romanticism
d. Realism
e. Symbolism

d. Realism

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Work sanctioned by the official academies and art schools were referred to as ___. This work was tightly controlled, competitive, and subsidized by the government. It supported a limited range of subject matter and a highly polished technique and did not encourage experimentation or innovation.

Academic Art

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Edouard __ borrowed the composition for his painting “Luncheon on the Grass
from Raimondi’s engraving “The Judgment of Paris”

Manet

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The first woman artist to receive the Legion d’Honneur (1865)
a. Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun
b. Rosa Bonheur
c. Mary Cassatt

b. Rosa Bonheur

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The invention of ___ shortly before the mid-century was a significant milestone, as it altered the public perceptions of “reality.”
a. photography
b. the cotton gin
c. the steam engine

a. photography

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The quintessential American artist __ depicted the modern interest in realism, medicine and science in his painting "The Gross Clinic" a. Eugene Delacroix b. Gustave Courbet c. Thomas Eakins

c. Thomas Eakins

Considering the greatest elemental aspect in which propelled society into modernity is the onset of a greater sense ___; rapid urbanization; the rise of mass media and industrial models of mass production, which contributed to an extensive co-modification of the marketplace. a. political unrest b. technology c. religiosity d. fear

b. technology

In ___'s painting "Nocturne in Black and Gold (Falling Rocket)" he displayed an interest in conveying the atmospheric effects of fireworks at night along with emphasizing the abstract arrangement of shapes and colors.

James McNeill Whistler

A hostile art critic applied the expression "Impressionism" as a derogatory term to ___'s painting "Impression: Sunrise." The artist wanted to display the Impressionist interest in vagrant effects of light.

Claude Monet

__ is a late nineteenth-century style of art characterized by the attempt to capture the fleeting effects of light by means of painting in short strokes of pure color. a. Impressionism b. Post-Impressionism c. Expressionism d. Fauvism e. Die Brucke

a. Impressionism

Many of the Impressionists, including Monet, were dedicated to working ___-that is, out of doors. a. en plein-air b. on the air c. out the door

a. en plein air

American born Impressionist artist___ approach to the composition owes much to Japanese prints, including the painting "The Bath" a. Claude Monet b. Mary Cassatt c. James McNeill Whistler d. Paul Cezanne

b. Mary Cassatt

___ is a late nineteenth-century art style that relies on the gains made by Impressionists in terms of the use of color and spontaneous brushwork, but which uses these elements as expressive devices

Post-Impressionism

Writing the theories on color ___'s painting A Sunday Afternoon on the "Island of la Grande Jatte" was painted with small dots of color, a technique known as Pointillism. a. Claude Monet b. Georges Seurat c. James McNeill Whistler d. Paul Cezanne

b. Georges Seurat

__ attempted to communicate the vastness of the universe in his painting "Starry Night" a. Vincent van Gogh b. Mary Cassatt c. James McNeill Whistler d. Paul Cezanne

a. Vincent van Gogh

___ is a modern school of art in which an emotional impact is achieved through agitated brushwork, intense coloration, and violent, hallucinatory imagery. a. Impressionism b. Post-Impressionism c. Expressionism d. Fauvism e. Die Brucke

c. Expressionism

The artist __ wanted to reduce everything to cylinders, sphere, and cones, i.e. geometric.

Paul Cezanne

The artist ___ replaced the transitory visual effects of changing atmospheric conditions, with careful analysis of the lines, planes, and colors of nature in the painting "Mont Ste. Victoire" a. Claude Monet b. Mary Cassatt c. James McNeill Whistler d. Paul Cezanne

d. Paul Cezanne

__ is a movement in which could be thought of in terms of a notion that is ambiguous, and a symbol of something more meaningful and, an art that suggests rather than defines. a. Cubism b. Surrealism c. Futurism d. De Stijl (The Style) e. Symbolism

e. Symbolism

Depicting the feeling of the era of alienation, fragmentation and despair, ___'s "Burghers of Calais," commemorate an episode during the Hundred Years' War, when six Calais citizens offered their lives to save their city. a. Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux b. Auguste Rodin c. Augustus Saint-Gaudens

b. Auguste Rodin

As we enter the 20th century artists wanted “to make it new,” they believed in Innovation and a Rejection of the Past. In the arts there is the breakdown and/or rejection of traditional systems of representation and the proliferation of experimental avant-garde groups; and the emergence of socialist, feminist and anti- or post-colonial politics. a. True b. False

a. True

__ is a term that translates as "wild beasts". This group of artists wanted to convey not describe with color. a. Impressionoism b. Post-Impressionism c. Expressionism d. Fauvism c. Die Brucke

d. Fauvism

___ believed painters should choose compositions that express their feelings. Reflecting his interest in Persian illuminated manuscripts the painting "Red Rood (Harmony in Red)" has a repetition of identical patterning and color of the table and of the wall. a. Vassily Kandinsky b. Pablo Picasso c. Umberto Boccioni d. Henri Matisse

d. Henri Matisse

Dresden Expressionism also known as ___ , is a group that expressed the idea of Bridging from animals to higher humans, and also bridging from the past to the future. a. Impressionism b. Post-Impressionism c. Futurism d. Fauvism e. Die Brucke (The Bridge)

e. Die Bruke (The Bridge)

Munich Expressionism, also known as __, is a group that dictated the spirituality of painting. a. Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Ryder) b. Cubism c. Futurism d. De Stijl (The Style) e. Dada

a. Der Blaue Reiter

The author of "Concerning the Spiritual in Art" was __, who also in 1913 would produce what were the first free-form, largely nonobjective art of the new century, as seen in the painting "Improvisation 28" a. Vassily Kandinsky b. Pablo Picasso c. Umberto Boccioni d. Henri Matisse

a. Vassily Kandinsky

African and ancient Iberian sculpture and the late paintings of Cezanne influenced __'s pivotal work "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" with which opened the door to a radically new method of representing forms in space. a. Vassily Kandinsky b. Pablo Picasso c. Umberto Boccioni d. Henri Matisse

b. Pablo Picasso

__ is a group of artists that wanted to break up the image into geometric elements, and to have multiple viewpoints with no perspective, in other words to deconstruct objects. a. Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Ryder) b. Cubism c. Futurism d. De Stijl (The Style) e. Dada

b. Cubism

__ can be thought of in terms of a diverse level of creativity formed from movement, energy, destruction and mass confusion, which also used anarchist and fascist tendencies. a. Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Ryder) b. Cubism c. Futurism d. De Stijl (The Style) e. Dada

c. Futurism

In the bronze "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" Italian Futurist artist __ wanted to capture pure plastic rhythm, which is a running figure so expanded and interrupted that is almost disappears behind a blur of its own movement. a. Kandinsky b. Pablo Picasso c. Umberto Boccioni d. Henri Matisse

c. Umberto Boccioni

__ is a group of artists that founded a deliberately meaningless name of the first anti-art movement. They depicted anything that didn't make sense, and avoided meaning. They also believed that everything in which belongs to the world belongs to the War. a. Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Ryder) b. Cubism c. Futurism d. De Stijl (The Style) e. Dada

e. Dada

__'s Dada photomontage "Cut with a Kitchen Knife" presents to the viewer the chaotic, contradictory, and satiric commentary on the period.

Hannah Hoch

__ is a group of artists that believed that the key to universal harmony is the right angle. Right angle is a cosmic connection -- one constant in the universe. a. Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Ryder) b. Cubism c. Futurism d. De Stijl (The Style) e. Dada

d. De Stijl (The Style)

"I believe in the future resolution of the states of dream, and reality, in appearance so contradictory, in a sort of absolute reality, or surreality." This definition of Surrealism was written by ___. a. Salvador Dali b. Andre Breton c. Rene Magritte d. Hannah Hoch

b. Andre Breton

The discrepancy between Surrealist __'s "The Treachery (or Perfidy) of Images", meticulously painted pipe and his caption, "This is not a pipe," challenges the viewers reliance on the conscious and the rational in the reading of visual art. a. Salvador Dali b. Constantin Brancusi c. Rene Magritte d. Piet Mondrian

c. Rene Magritte

__ embodies an ambiguous unconscious consciousness formed from a dream-like state and image. Their goals were to confuse, awaken, question and ponder the reality of thought.

Surrealism

De Stijl artist __ depicted the key to universal harmony is the right angle: the right angle is cosmic connection -- one constant in the universe, in the painting "Composition in Red, Blue and Yellow" a. Salvador Dali b. Constantin Brancusi c. Rene Magritte d. Piet Mondrian

d. Piet Mondrian

In the softly curving surfaces of his elegant "Bird in Space", __ emphasized the natural and organic. The artist sought to move beyond surface appearances to capture the essence or spirit of the object depicted. a. Salvador Dali b. Constantin Brancusi c. Rene Magritte d. Piet Mondrian

b. Constantin Brancusi

During the first half of the 20th century, America suffered involvement in two global conflicts and the economically and psychologically crippling Great Depression. Nonetheless, these decades were positive ones in the development of American art and architecture. This was the time when American artists first became exposed to European modernism and when African American artists emerged as important contributors to the history of art. a. true b. false

a. true

The __ was a 1913 exhibition that contained more than 1600 works representing both European and American artists. The show illustrated the major artistic developments in Europe and brought those ideas and art works to the United States audience. It also provided American artists with a showcase for their works.

Armory Show

___'s painting "Nude Descending a Staircase, no. 2", was singled out by the hostile critics at the Armory Show of 1913 as emblematic of the so-called insanity and corruption of the new art. a. Marcel Duchamp b. Marsden Hartley c. Dorothea Lange d. Diego Rivera

a. Marcel Duchamp

Calling his style "Cosmic Cubism" __ painted an elegy to a lover killed in battle during World War I, which can be seen in the work "Portrait of a German Officer". a. Marcel Duchamp b. Marsden Hartley c. Dorothea Lange d. Diego Rivera

b. Marsden Hartley

The __ brought African American artists to the forefront, including Aaron Douglas, whose paintings of African American history drew on Cubist principles. Jacob Lawrence documented the experiences of African Americans who had migrated to the North and experienced discrimination there as well as in the South. a. Armory Show b. Harlem Renaissance c. Mexican Muralists

b. Harlem Renaissance

Considered as the paradigm of organic architecture __'s "Kaufmann House (Fallingwater)" sought to incorporate the structure more fully with the site, thereby ensuring a fluid, dynamic exchange between the interior and the natural environment outside. a. Le Corbusier b. Louis Sullivan c. Frank Lloyd Wright d. William van Allen

c. Frank Lloyd Wright

__ photographed the rural poor who were displaced by the Great Depression in the 1930s, as seen in the photograph "Migrant Mother"

Dorothea Lange

__ Jose Orozco and Diego Rivera painted epic mural cycles of the history of Mexico, both in their homeland and in the United States. Orozco's "Hispano-America" was painted on their commission by Dartmouth College. a. Armory Show b. Harlem Renaissance c. Mexican Muralists

c. Mexican Muralists

__ was an avid proponent of a social and political role for art in the lives of the common people, which he depicted in his public mural "Ancient Mexico", from the "History of Mexico". a. Marcel Duchamp b. Marsden Hartley c. Dorothea Lange d. Diego Rivera

d. Diego Rivera

Post-World War II European artists could NOT move away from death: burning, disfigured, and decaying flesh -- as seen in ___'s work titled "Painting." However, American artists turned inward and reflected an inner world -- in other words the extension of the artist -- how the artist feels -- as seen in Jackson Pollock's "Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)" 1950.

Francis Bacon

__ is considered to be the first major art style to be developed in the United States, and is characterized by spontaneous execution, large gestural brushstrokes, abstract imagery, and fields of intense color.

Abstract Expressionism

What was the main content of the work of the postwar New York School? a. None of these choices b. the act of painting itself c. Postmodern appropriation of early material d. optical phenomena

b. the act of painting itself

Color Field Painting can be considered as depicting the essence of color, which can be seen in __'s painting "No. 14" a. Jackson Pollock b. Mark Rothko c. Robert Rauschenberg d. Jasper Johns

b. Mark Rothko

Pop Art is art that utilized imagery derived from __ a. industrial design b. advertising c. advertising, consumer culture, industrial design, and Hollywood movies d. Hollywood movies e. advertising and industrial design, but not Hollywood mobies

c. advertising, consumer culture, industrial design, and Hollywood movies

American Pop artist __ wanted to draw attention to common object that people view frequently but rarely scrutinize, as seen in his work "Flag", 1954-1955. a. Richard Hamilton b. Robert Rauschenberg c. Jasper Johns d. Andy Warhol

c. Jasper Johns

In the later 20th century, the domination of modernist formalism in art gave way to an eclectic postmodernism. The emergence of postmodern thought not only encouraged a wider range of styles and approaches but also prompted commentary (often ironic) about nature of art production and dissemination. a. True b. False

a. True

In 1974 __ began a work that is widely acknowledged as the first work of feminist art, titled "The Dinner Party", created as a collaborative project reclaiming the lives of forgotten women in history.

Judy Chicago

__'s Portland Building displays Postmodernism's strict formalism and eclecticism, but not structural honesty. a. Michael Graves b. Jasper Johns c. Frank Gehry d. Frank Lloyd Wright

a. Michael Graves

Modernist art emphasizes the accord and autonomous aspect of an artist and a work of art, whereas ___ art emphasizes the fusion of the work of art and its intricate interconnectedness to its milieu.

Post-Modernist

Calling attention to ecological concerns __ used industrial equipment to create Environmental artworks by manipulating earth and rock. His "Spiral Jetty" is a mammoth coil of black basalt, limestone, and earth extending into the the Great Salt Lake. a. Judy Chicago b. Michael Graves c. Maya LIn d. Robert Smithson

d. Robert Smithson

Pluralism in the arts is the inclusion of *only* a white, male master, and *not* exploring or embracing women artists, artists of color, non-western art, and folk art. a. True b. False

b. False

Although televisions, smartphones, and the Internet have brought people all over the world closer together than ever before, national, ethnic, religious, and racial conflicts are also an unfortunate and pervasive characteristic of contemporary life. Some of the most eloquent voices raised in protest about the major political and social issues of the day have been those of painters and sculptors, who can harness the power of art to amplify the power of the written and spoken word. a. True b. False

a. True

In the later part of the 20th century and as we enter the 21st century, many artists have produced works prompted by socio-political concerns, dealing with aspects of race, gender, class, age, creed, and other facets of __ a. conformity b. identity c. essentialism d. structure

b. identity

The rejection of the principles underlying modernism is a central element in the diverse phenomenon known as __. It also represents the erosion of the boundaries between high culture and popular culture, along with examining the process by which meaning is generated and the negotiation or dialogue that transpires between viewers and artworks. a. Diverse Phenomena b. Postmodernism c. Pre-Phenomena

b. Postmodernism

In Deconstructionist theory, all cultural contexts are "texts." Deconstructionists seek to uncover -- to deconstruct -- the facts of power, privilege, and prejudice underlying the practices and institutions of any given culture. a. True b. False

a. True

As we consider works of art in the 21st century, we will add to our critical rubric concepts such as a. hybridity b. all of these choices c. high art and low culture d. appropriation e. post-colonialism

b. all of these choices

__ creates sculptures highlighting everything he considers wrong with contemporary American consumer culture. In his "Pink Panther" he intertwined a centerfold nude and a cartoon character. a. Frank Gehry b. Michael Graves c. Maya Lin d. Jeff Koons

d. Jeff Koons

Using a Deconstructionist vocabulary __'s limestone and titanium Guggenheim Bilbao Museum is an immensely dramatic building, with its disorder and seeming randomness of design. a. Frank Gehry b. Michael Graves c. Maya Lin d. Jeff Koons

a. Frank Gehry

__'s Vietnam Veterans Memorial employed a Minimalist formal vocabulary and incorporates the landscape setting in the work's meaning, but not employs biomorphic forms associated with memorials. a. Frank Gehry b. Michael Graves c. Maya Lin d. Jeff Koons

c. Maya Lin

Artists throughout the world today, are more than ever, influenced by their knowledge of what is happening in the political world at large, and by their awareness of the art world all around them -- past and present. a. True b. False

a. True