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Tim Modules > Arson 2.0 > Flashcards

Arson 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

What to ask an incident controller at the scene?

A
  1. The time and date the call was made and the manner it was received
  2. What appliances attended
  3. What state the fire was in when fire service arrived
  4. What actions were taken, particularly in the entry of the building and ventilating it after the fire
  5. Whether they thought the fire was suspicious and if so why?
  6. Their opinions of the informants
  7. Were there any people or vehicles acting suspicious within the vicinity at the time
  8. Was there information about the building security
  9. Were they any alterations to the scene, ie forced doors or windows
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2
Q

Evidence of Wilful Causes of Fire?
TUMMIES-WAI

A
  1. Traces in debris
  2. Uneven burning
  3. Misdirecting Fire Service
  4. Multiple seats of fire
  5. Intentional interference ie tampering with alarms and sprinklers
  6. Explosive
  7. ## Smell
  8. Windows or skylight opened to create a draught
  9. Accelerants ie containers
  10. Intentional removal of valuable property
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3
Q

Common methods of setting fires
MEME-CCTT

A

S/A
M- Matches and cigarettes
E- Electrical apparatus
M- Molotov cocktail
E- Electrical matches
-
C – Candles
C- Chemical reaction
T- Timing devices
T- Trailers

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4
Q

Examples where carelessness may cause fire (Faults)
SMASH-LI

A
  • Smoking
  • Misusing electricity
  • Appliances
  • Setting fireworks
  • ## Heating systems
  • Leaving clothes on heaters
  • Ironing
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5
Q

Natural Causes
CRISS

A
  • Lightning
  • Static electricity
  • Sun Rays
  • Chemical reactions
  • Rodents eating wires
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6
Q

Conferences assist with:
IRAPE

A

I – Identify suspects
R- Reconstructing of the scene
A- Assessing the information obtained
P- Planning further enquiries
E- Establish possible motives

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7
Q

What to do after a conference?
FESSS

A
  • Advise the fire investigator
  • Appoint an exhibits officer
  • Appoint a scribe
  • Appoint a scene examiner
  • Appoint a crime scene coordinator
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8
Q

What the FILO and SFI discuss?
HAPI

A

H – Handover of the scene
A- Access to the fire scene
P- Process for examination and investigation
I- Identify and collect evidence at the fire scene

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9
Q

Powers under the Fire Service Act 1975
ECRRD

A
  • Enter private property when it is on fire or if entry is necessary to perform ones duty
  • Close roads
  • Remove vehicles impeding, allows entry by breaking into vehicles to effect ones purpose
  • Remove people in danger or interfering with operations, use reasonable force necessary to effect ones purpose
  • Do all things necessary to protect life and property
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10
Q

How to link a suspect to an arson?
BSRP

A
  • Burned facial skin
  • Smell of smoke
  • Residue of fuel
  • Products of combustion on skin
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11
Q

(Fires not Explosives) You identify Suspects by means of:
EPIIC-FM

A
  • Enquiries at hospitals, prison and rehab centres
  • Police INTEL, youth services or FILO
  • Info from witnesses and informants
  • Info from fire crews on people who regularly attend fires
  • ## Circumstances of the fire
  • Fingerprints
  • Media Response
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12
Q

Possible suspects may include:

A
  • Owner/occupier for insurance fraud
  • An employee to cover theft, forgery or false pretences
  • A criminal to cover their traces of crime such as burg or homicide
  • An angry person suffering from jealousy, hatred, desire to revenge
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13
Q

Investigate suspects thoroughly and according to priority. Obtain their:
FVC-AP

A
  • Full particulars
  • Criminal history
  • Vehicles they may have accessed
  • Details of associates
  • Photographs
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14
Q

Complete enquiries to establish the suspects:
MMOCC

A

M – Motive
M- Mens Rea
O- Opportunity
C- Connection with the scene and crime
C- Character, mental background, history, movements and behaviour

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15
Q

Difference between a gas explosion and an explosion set?

A
  • Explosions by gas cover a wider area
  • Implosions of cabinet
  • Medical evidence – suspect or victims may have inhaled gas
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16
Q

Specialist Fire Investigators (SFI) attend and investigate:
FFFSS

A
  • Fire where fatalities occur
  • Fire where serious life threatening injuries occur
  • Fire in buildings where built in fire safety features have failed or not performed to an expected standard
  • Structure fires where cause is suspicious or not determined
  • Significant fire spread across property boundary
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17
Q

Role of Fire Investigation Liaison Officer (FILO)
CAAP-CAME

A

S/A
C – Co-ordinate fire investigation training for any Police employees within area or district
A – Assist area and district with fire investigation related enquires
A – Attend every fire that results in serious injury or death
P – Providing other advice and expertise as required
-
C – Co – ordinate fire investigations in their designated area or districts
A – Arrange Police attendance at fire scenes where required
M – Maintain an effective relationship with the relevant Fire Service investigation liaison officer and fire specialist investigator
E – Ensure comms is maintained with Police National Fire Investigation Coordinator, Police District Intel Manager and District Manager Criminal Investigations where appropriate

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18
Q
  1. Injuries through hazards
    TAIIII
  2. To identify the best method of protection you must consider:
A
    • Tripping on fire debris
      • Airborne dusts, particles
      • Inhalation of toxic substances
      • Ingestion of particles
      • Injection from sharp objects
      • Items falling from above you
  2. *An assessment of each of the above
    *A strategy to prevent an occurrence or to mitigate its impact.
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19
Q

Investigators often find themselves?

A
  1. Searching through an unstable structure
  2. Evacuating the scene to identify the cause of the fire
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20
Q

What protective clothing should you use at the scene?

A
  • Suitable helmet
  • Safety glasses
  • Nose and mouth filter, full face respirator or full BA
  • Pair of overalls
  • Gloves
  • Heavy duty footwear with steel soles and caps
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21
Q

4 main building materials and their weakness?

A
  • Timber – burning and charring
  • Steel – expand, lose its strength
  • Concrete – spalling
  • Masonry – deterioration of the mortar
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22
Q

Initial Action with Fires NOT involving explosives?
SCCCRIIBE

A
  • Secure, guard and control scene
  • Conduct local enquiries
  • Confer with other staff and determine a plan of action
  • Contact Comms and supply SITREP
  • Regroup and hold a briefing conference
  • Initial interview of SFI and O/C Fires Service appliance who attended the scene
  • Interview with incident controller at scene
  • Briefly interview informant and witnesses
  • Ensure scene is safe before initial conference with SFI and Police, conduct prelim of scene.
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23
Q

Enquiries – Area Canvas of neighbourhood, interview witnesses and obtain statements about:

A
  • The fire
  • Conduct of people at the fire
  • People loitering at the scene before the fire
  • Any vehicles seen in the vicinity before the fire
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24
Q

Interview witnesses, including:
FFLOPPOVERS-NA

A
  • Found fire, whether house was secure
  • Fire fighters
  • Local Police
  • Other Police and security staff
  • Passers-by
  • Patrols
  • Owner/Occupier/Visitors of the house
  • Vendors and delivery staff
  • Employees, including cleaners and casual staff.
  • Reporters and photographers
  • Spectators
  • ## Secured the house, whether locked up the house
  • Neighbours
  • Alarm, suspicious person
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25
Q

How can insurance help?

A
  • Assist with investigation once their qualifications and authority have been confirmed
  • They have private investigators that are experienced and assist with resources
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26
Q

Guarding and controlling a fire scene
PPPBLARE

A

P - Prevent looting
P - Preserve evidence
P- Prevent further fire/damage
B – Be vigilant and watch suspects
L – Locate witnesses among passerby and onlookers
A – Avoid inference with scene
R – Report all matters of significance to the OC investigations or OC coordinator
E – Exclude and control onlookers, property owners and other interested parties

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27
Q

Determining the seat of fire
WWW-DRS-DSCP

A

W – Witness reports
W – When they first notice the fire and where they were at the time
W – Wind direction and speed, weather
T – The state of the fire at the time
T – The direction of the spread
T – The colour of the flames and smoke
T – The severity of the damage
T – The depth of charring
T – The presence of “starting devices”
T – The reports and opinions of specialists

28
Q

3 Steps you should follow with an EXHIBIT at the Fire Scene?

A
  1. Photograph in situ, label the exhibits and preserve them in containers
  2. Use approved arson kits if available, if not use suitable containers
  3. Take control samples such as:
    * Charred timber and ashes or debris from the seat of fire
    * Any accelerants found near the scene
    * Soil from surrounding area
29
Q

The point of origin is the exact location in which?
CAM

A
  • Component failed
  • Accidental fire originated
  • Fire was maliciously lit
30
Q

At the conclusion of the examination you will be able to determine?
PAT

A

P – Point of origin
A – Area of origin
T – The seat of fire

31
Q

Where it is difficult to preserve the scene
SPPV

A

S/A
* Sketches
* Photos
* Plans
* Video Recordings

32
Q

Preliminary INTERNAL EXAMINATION

A
  1. Low stock
  2. Building areas in need of repair
  3. Signs of hardship
  4. Missing family photos, furniture and personal items
  5. Opening filing cabinets or missing file
  6. Forced entry onto an empty till
  7. Separate unrelated seats of fire
  8. Owner/occupier attitude after walkthrough, access permitted
  9. Burn patterns or unusual odours
33
Q

Detailed Internal Examination – completed by SFI accompanied by Police.
UDDDERSSSS

A
  • Under floor inspection
  • Damage to wall studs
  • Damage to roofing timbers
  • Damage to window stills and door edges
  • Elimination of false low burns
  • Removal of fire debris
  • Smoke deposits and burn patterns
  • Spalling
  • Soot deposits on window glass and craze patterns
  • Skirting board damage
34
Q
  1. External Examination:
    WANTT
  2. Surrounding area of the involved premises may also reveal:
    BCAP
  3. The damaged structure may reveal:
    JBW
A
  1. External Examination:
    *What distances debris was scattered
    *Adjoining premises which often reveal, accelerants, attempts forced entry, broken windows, forced doors
    *Nearby alleyways/streets/driveways
    *The periphery of the structure itself
    *The yards and outbuildings of the fire effected property
  2. Surrounding area of the involved premises may also reveal:
    *Accelerant containers
    *Contents of outbuildings missing
    *Property run-down
    *Business appears to be struggling.
  3. The damaged structure may reveal:
    *Jemmy marks or other signs of forced entry
    *Burn patterns above doors and windows
    *Window glass broken before fire was ignited
35
Q

List 5 steps when conducting area enquiries with fire scene?

A

Step 1 – Send staff to interview people who work at other warehouses to see if any other attempted arsons
Step 2 – Conduct a preliminary interview with the owner. Find out:
* When the premises were last secured and by whom
* Where he or she knows the cause of fire
* Details of any suspects and insurance
* Type of business
* Actions leading up to the fire
Step 3 – Note owner’s demeanour during preliminary interview
Step 4 – Complete interview and obtain formal statements from informant, witnesses and owner
Step 5 – SITREP to supervisor. Be prepared to speak at scene conference

36
Q

Characteristics caused by EXPLOSIVES
SSSSOC

A

What to look for:
* Spread debris
* Shredding of materials
* Smell peculiar to the exploded material
* Shrapnel marks
* Overlay of dust
* Catering

37
Q

INITIAL ACTION: Fire involving EXPLOSIVES

A
  • Remember there may be a secondary device anywhere at the scene, including in a nearby building or vehicle. Do not handle or interfere with anything unfamiliar
  • Don’t use cell phones, portable radios or transmitting devices
  • Evacuate scene for at least 100m away, People to take belongings. This will limit items to be cleared. Consider using explosives detector dog
  • If IED (Improvised Explosive Device) is located, immediately get the assistance of an IED operator from Department of Labour
  • Give regular SITREPS to Police COMMS
38
Q

Examining scene of fire INVOLVING EXPLOSIVES

A
  1. Once scene cleared safe, Conduct scene examination. Use video and photographs as they are useful in court.
  2. Remember to continually reconstruct
  3. Request ESR analyst, ask to bring suitable swabbing material for hands and clothes of any suspects

It may also be necessary to remove body parts promptly, before they decompose and animal and insect activity contaminates the scene. The same clean path method should be used –

  • Create a path to the centre of the explosion laying clean unused roll of plastic or by using approved stepping plates
  • Have ESR analyst swabbing the area immediately (work outwards from seat of explosion)
  • Vertical sheets of iron adjacent to the blast.
    All are carefully cleaned before use. Discuss the avoidance of cross contamination with the ESR analyst.
39
Q

Exhibits involving EXPLOSIVES

A
  • Photograph and label exhibits and preserve in containers.
  • With each item identify which should be considered as an exhibit
40
Q

Linking suspect to scene of EXPLOSIVE

A
  • Fingerprints/Handwriting
  • IED operator may identify signature of offender
  • Items from suspects home that could be used to manufacture a device
  • Seek advice from explosive expert before searching
41
Q

8 Stages Systematic Examination of Scene of Fire?

A
  1. Prepare and organise staff and equipment, clear areas and set clear areas of responsibilities
  2. Prepare examination and arrange for site to be examined systematically
  3. Examine the exterior of the fire site
  4. Conduct detailed internal examination
  5. Identify cause of fire
  6. Interview witness at scene
  7. Photograph and label and preserve exhibits
  8. Conduct area enquiries
42
Q

Fire scene contamination:
SCC

A
  • SCOPE
  • CORDON
  • COMMON APPROACH PATH
43
Q

Preparing examination:

A
  • Arrange scene to be examined when circumstances allow
  • Scene to be examined systematically
  • Establish clear area for material removed during search
  • Set a coordinated approach
  • Step by step approach from area least damaged to the point of origin
  • Noting items of interest throughout examination
  • Once preliminary internal examination is complete, hold another conference
  • Log and document decisions made
  • Conduct risk assessment
  • Detailed internal examination, Police accompanies SFI
44
Q

Intent

A

A deliberate act to achieve a specific result.

45
Q

Reckless

A

R v Harney
A conscious and deliberate taking of an unjustifiable risk. Proof that the consequence complained of could well happen, together with an intention to continue the course of conduct regardless of risk.

46
Q

Damages by fire

A

It is not necessary that the property is actually set alight, melting, blistering of paint, or significant smoke damage may be sufficient.

47
Q

Damages by means of explosive

A

Explosive - Sec. 2 Arms Act 1983
Any substance or mixture or combination of substances which in its normal state is capable either of decomposition at such a rapid rate as to result in an explosion or of producing a pyrotechnic effect,

Includes: gun powder, gelignite, detonators

Does not include: Firearms, or fireworks.

48
Q

R v Archer

A

Property may be damaged if it suffers permanent or temporary physical harm or permanent or temporary impairment of its use or value.

49
Q

Property

A

Property - Section 2, Crimes Act 1961
Property includes any real or personal property and any estate or interest in any real or personal property, money, electricity and any debt, and anything in action, and any other right or interest.

50
Q

Life

A

danger must be to the life of someone other than the defendant.

51
Q

Simester and Brookbanks

A

Knowing” means “knowing, or correctly believing” … the belief must be a correct one, where the belief is wrong a person cannot know something.

52
Q

Claim of Right

A

In relation to any act, means a belief at the time of the act in a proprietary or possessory right in property in relation to which the offence is alleged to have been committed, although that belief may be based on ignorance or mistake of fact or of any matter of law other than the enactment against which the offence is alleged to have been committed

53
Q

Immovable property

A

Immovable
Property will be considered immovable if it is currently fixed in place and unable to be moved, even though it may be possible to make it movable.

54
Q

Vehicle

A

Means a contrivance equipped with wheels, tracks, or revolving runners on which it moves or is moved;

55
Q

Ship

A

means every description of vessel used in navigation, however propelled; and includes any barge, lighter, dinghy, raft, or like vessel; and also includes any ship belonging to or used as a ship of the armed forces of any country

56
Q

Aircraft

A

means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air otherwise than by the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth

57
Q

Interest

A

Not defined not defined by legislation, however the courts have held that tenancy of a property constitutes an interest in it.

58
Q

Person

A

Gender neutral. Proven by judicial notice or circumstantial evidence.

Legislation provides a wide definition of the term “person” that incorporates not only real people, but also companies and other organisations.

59
Q

Obtain:

A

Means obtain or retain for himself or herself or any other person.

60
Q

Benefit:

A

Any benefit, pecuniary advantage, privilege, property, service or valuable consideration.

61
Q

R v Morley

A

“Loss … is assessed by the extent to which the complainant’s position prior to the [offence] has been diminished or impaired”.

62
Q

Use of fire service powers by Police

A

M/C
Only if called upon to do so by the member of the fire service in charge of the fire.

Police officers have no right to exercise these powers simply because they are present at a fire.

63
Q

Non-intentional causes of fire
CFN

A

S/A
*Carelessness
*Faults
*Nature

64
Q

Consider a search warrant. Evidence could include
TWICE-PASI

A

*Traces of debris from the scene
*Wick fabric
*Issue a Police 268 for any property seized.
*Containers
*Ensure all exhibits seized are labelled, examined and uplifted by the exhibit officer.
-
*Photograph evidence in situ before it is seized.
*Accelerants
*Suspects explanation
*Igniters

65
Q

Common electrical ignition sources and techniques:
TECHIE-FL

A

*Toasters with nearby curtains
*Electrical lamp and petrol igniters
*Ceiling exhaust fans
*Heaters and clothing
*Ignition of the main switchboard wiring by use of a gas torch applied to the each pr neutral bars.
*Electrical urns, bread makers, water heaters, deep fryers and rice cookers.
-
*Fallen table or standard lamp in conjunction with combustible materials
*Leaving a pot of stew on a stove element

66
Q

Liquid samples

A

*Do not forward liquid samples in anything other than the bottles provided.
*Ensure top are tightly fastened.
*Clean the outside surface of the bottles
*Place the bottles in the polystyrene box

If possible,
*Hand deliver the samples
*NZ Post “Handibag”
*Alternatively, place it in a tin, secure the tin, and send the entire kit as a unit.

Tim Modules (10 decks)

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