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AU 15 - Pharmacology Exam 3 > Arrythmias > Flashcards

Arrythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Rhythm

A

Movement or procedure with uniform or patterned recurrence of a beat, accent, or the like

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2
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmia

A

Heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow

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3
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Atrial depolarizaiton

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4
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarization

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5
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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6
Q

Contraction of the atria does what?

A

Moves blood into the ventricles

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7
Q

Contraction of the right ventricle does what?

A

Sends O2 depleted blood to the lungs

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8
Q

Contraction of the left ventricle does what?

A

Sends O2 rich blood to the body

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9
Q

What coordinates cardiac muscle contraction?

A

Electrical signals

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10
Q

Trace the circulation of blood through the heart

A

Vena cava –> R atrium –> R ventricle –> Pulmonary artery –> Lungs –> L atrium –> L ventricle –> Aorta –> rest of the body

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11
Q

Trace the electrical current through through the conducting system through the heart

A

SA node –> AV node (signal pauses) –> AV bundle branches –> Purkinje fibers

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12
Q

Where is the signaling velocity slowest in the heart?

A

AV node

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13
Q

Where is the signaling velocity fastest in the heart?

A

Purkinje fibers

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14
Q

What creates the EKG?

A

The sum total of action potentials traveling through the heart

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15
Q

What does the PR interval describe?

A

The time it takes for the impulse to travel from the Sinus node through the AV node

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16
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

The time the ventricles are depolarized

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17
Q

What does the U wave represent?

A

Repolarization of the intraventricular septum

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18
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

The speed of the heart beat

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19
Q

What are the four main types of arrhythmias?

A

Extra beats
Supreaventricular tachycardias
Ventricular arrhythmias
Bardyarrhythmias

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20
Q

Extra beat arrhythmia types

A

Premature atrial contraction

Premature ventricular contractions

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21
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia types

A

Atrial fibrilation
Atrial flutter
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

22
Q

Ventricular arrhythmia types

A

Ventricular fibrilation

Ventricular tachycardia

23
Q

Bradyarrhythmias

A

Slow heartbeat

24
Q

What are the classifications of arrhythmias by site of origin?

A

Atrial
Ventricular
Juncitonal
AV Heart Blocks

25
Q

Atrioventricular Blocks

A

Conduction between the atria and ventricles is blocked or slowed
Can be primary, secondary, tertiary

26
Q

Primary AV Block

A

PR interval is lengthened beyond 0.2 seconds

27
Q

Secondary AV block

A

Disturbance, delay, or interruption of atrial impulse conduction through the AV node to the ventricles

28
Q

Tertiary AV block

A

aka Complete heart block

Impulse generated in SA node does not propagate to the ventricles

29
Q

How will a primary AV block look on an EKG

A

PR interval is lengthened

30
Q

How will a secondary AV block look on an EKG

A

There will be QRS complexes dropped

31
Q

How will a tertiary AV block look on an EKG?

A

None of the p waves conduct to ventricles - P-P and QRS-QRS are independent

32
Q

What are the causes of arrhythmias?

A

Cardiac ischemia
Excessive discharge or sensitivity to autonomic neurotransmitters
Exposure to toxic substances (smoking, alcohol, Rx meds, caffeine, nicotine)
Unknown etiology

33
Q

What occurs in phase 0 of cardiac action potential

A

Na goes into the cell (depolarization)

34
Q

What occurs in phase 1 of cardiac action potential?

A

K and Cl leave the cell

35
Q

What occurs in phase 2 of cardiac action potential?

A

Ca goes into the cell
K goes out of the cell
Plateau phase

36
Q

What occurs in phase 3 of the cardiac action potential?

A

K goes out of the cell

Repolarization

37
Q

What are the classes of Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs?

A

Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV

38
Q

Class I Anti-arrhythmic drugs

A

Block Na channels

39
Q

What are the different classes of Class I anti-arrhythmic drugs and when are they used?

A

Ia
Ib
Ic

40
Q

Class II Anti-arrhythmic drugs

A

B-adrenoceptor antagonists
Diminish phase 4 depolarization - depressing automaticity, prolonging AV conduction, decreasing HR and contractility
Can diminish both Na and Ca currents

41
Q

Class III Anti-arrhythmic drugs

A

K channel blockers
Delay the ventricular AP (specifically repolarization)
Prolong refractory period

42
Q

Class IV Anti-arrhythmic drugs

A

Ca channel antagonists
Decrease Ca inward current, decreasing phase 4 spontaneous depolarization
Slow conduction and increase the refractory period

43
Q

Ia Na channel blockers

A

Lengthen the duration of the AP
Bind more selectively to the open state of the channel
Dissociates from the channel with intermediate kinetics (1-10 seconds)

44
Q

Ib Na channel blockers

A

Shorten the duration of the AP
Bind primarily to inactivated state of the channel
Dissociates from the channel with rapid kinetics (

45
Q

Ic Na channel blockers

A

Minimal effect on the duration of the action potential
Bind more selectively to the open state of the channel
Dissociate from the channel with slow kinetics (>10 seconds)

46
Q

What are Class II Anti-arrhythmias used to treat?

A

Useful in treating tachyarrhythmias caused by increased sympathetic activity
Also used for atrial flutter and fibrillation

47
Q

T/F - Class II and Class III compound, but Class I and Class III do not

A

True

48
Q

What are Class III Anti-arrhythmias used to treat?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias - especially ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia

49
Q

What phase of the Ventricular AP do Class I Anti-arrhythmic drugs effect?

A

Phase 0

50
Q

What phase of the Ventricular AP do Class II Anti-arrhythmic drugs effect?

A

Phase 4

51
Q

What phase of the Ventricular AP do Class III Anti-arrhythmic drugs effect?

A

Phase 3

52
Q

What phase of the Ventricular AP do Class IV Anti-arrhythmic drugs effect?

A

Phase 2

AU 15 - Pharmacology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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