Arrows, Resonanse, And Acid/Base Chemistry

Question 1

What does curved arrow notation do?

Answer 1

Shows you the motion of the PAIR of electrons

source to sink
Tail to head of arrow

Question 2

What is resonance?

Answer 2

Where two or more Lewis structures have the same chemical formula, but different arrangements of electrons.

Question 3

What is a hybrid structure made up of?

Answer 3

It’s made up of all its resonance structures/contributers. The more stable (lower in energy) the more it contributes to the hybrid.

Question 4

What are the rules of resonance?

Answer 4

• only electrons in P orbitals are involved (pi bonds)
• net charge does not change
• still maintains octect rule

Question 5

What are the resonance patterns?

Answer 5

Pi- sigma- pi
Pi - sigma - charge
Pi- sigma - lone pair

Question 6

How is hybridization effected by resonance?

Answer 6

If you see that there is a possible pi bond in the resonance, be sure to leave a 2p orbital if “sp3”

Question 7

Where does equilibrium lie?

Answer 7

The more stable/ weaker acid or base:
- electronegative/Zeff trends
-polarizability
- resonance
- inductive effects

Question 8

How does Electronegativity relate to the most stable?

Answer 8

More electronegative sound get the more negative charge. This means it is more stable.

Question 9

How does polarizability relate to the most stable?

Answer 9

Larger ions are better at stabilizing a charge, therefore more stable.

Question 10

How does resonance relate to most stable?

Answer 10

Resonance spreads out electrons in the pi framework. More resonance = more stable.

Question 11

How does inductive effect relate to the stability?

Answer 11

Strength of effect depends on the electronegativity and proximity.

With charge, EN atom should be far
With neutral, EN atom should be close