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CV Unit I > Arrhythmias (complete) > Flashcards

Arrhythmias (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the EKG of sinus tachycardia

A
  • P waves precede each QRS (everything’s pretty normal)

- Just a regular, fast HR

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2
Q

What are the causes of sinus tachycardia?

A

Sympathetic activation

  • Exercise
  • Emotion
  • Hypotension
  • Response to acute lung/abdominal pathology
  • Thyrotoxicosis
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3
Q

What is the treatment of sinus tachycardia?

A
  • usually none (b/c it’s a normal response)

- Beta-blockers in thyrotoxicosis

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4
Q

Describe the EKG of sinus bradycardia

A
  • P waves precede each QRS (normal)

- just regular, slow HR (<60/min)

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5
Q

What are the causes of sinus bradycardia?

A
  • Athletes (endurance peeps)

- Vagotonic states (fainting, sick sinus syndrome, inferior infarct)

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6
Q

What is tx of sinus bradycardia?

A
  • None
  • Atropine
  • Pacemaker w/ symptoms
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7
Q

Describe the EKG of 1st degree atrioventricular block

A
  • Prolonged PR interval
  • Interval is >0.2sec (more than one heavy block)
  • Increased junctional delay
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8
Q

What are the causes of 1st degree atrioventricular block

A
  • drug-induced (beta-blockers, some CCB, digitalis)
  • conduction system disease
  • usually benign
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9
Q

Describe the EKG of 2nd degree AV block

A

An occasional missed connection

  • some P waves are followed by QRS, some are not (some conduct, some don’t)
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10
Q

Describe the EKG of 3rd degree AV block

A

Oil and water! The relationship not meant to be

  • P waves and QRS complexes both show regular rhythm
  • HOWEVER they are at different rates w/ P rate>QRS
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11
Q

What are the causes of 3rd degree AV block?

A
  • Severe conduction system disease
  • Rarely drugs
  • Due to AV node or junctional failure w/ aging, infarct, or disruption during cardiac surgery
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12
Q

What is the treatment of 3rd degree AV block?

A
  • Pacing if ventricular rate or BP are too low

- otherwise can cause syncope or sudden death

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13
Q

Describe the EKG of premature atrial contraction

A
  • Premature (early) beat
  • Often preceded by abnormal P wave
  • Narrow QRS resembling normally conducted beats
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14
Q

Describe the EKG of premature ventricular contractions

A
  • Wide QRS, no P wave
  • The above doesn’t happen all the time => once every few complexes or so
  • Common in normal subjects

Can indicate:

  • acute myocardial infarct
  • HF
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15
Q

Describe the EKG of atrial flutter

A

Do he make your heart go pitter patter?

  • P wave “sawtooth” pattern
  • P waves at rate of 240-320 beats/min
  • Pulse is regular or irregular
  • Ventricular rates vary — rapid if untreated
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16
Q

What is the treatment of atrial flutter?

A
  • Anticoagulation
  • Rate control w/ drugs
  • Cardioversion
  • Ablation
17
Q

Describe the EKG of atrial tachycardia

A
  • Rapid HR ≥150/min
  • Narrow QRS complexes
  • P waves (present but abnormal)
18
Q

What is the treatment of atrial tachycardia?

A
  • Adenosine (super fast – for acute bad problems)
  • Vagal maneuver
  • Beta blockers
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
19
Q

Describe the EKG of atrial fibrillation

A

No matter how hard you look you can’t find her (P waves)

  • No P waves (but atrial depolarizations at 350/min)
  • Irregular QRS (like insanely irregular)
20
Q

What are the causes of atrial fibrillation?

A
  • Aging
  • Post-operative (important)
  • Heart Disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
21
Q

What are problems associated with atrial fibrillation?

A

Rapid HR

  • Syncope
  • Ischemia
  • HF

Loss of Atrial Kick
- HF

Atrial Thrombi
- Embolic stroke

22
Q

What are the treatments of atrial fibrillation?

A
  • anticoagulation
  • rate control with drugs
  • Cardioversion
  • Ablation
23
Q

Describe the EKG of junctional rhythm

A
  • Regular
  • Narrow QRS (usually)
  • No antecedent P waves
  • Tx usually unnecessary
24
Q

Describe the EKG of ventricular tachycardia

A
  • Usually regular, fast, wide QRS complexes (100-200/min)
  • mostly no P waves
  • Sustained if ≥30 seconds in duration
  • Often life threatening!
25
Q

What are the treatments for ventricular tachycardia?

A
  • Amiodarone (used if pt is stable)
  • Lidocaine
  • Cardioversion
26
Q

Describe the EKG of ventricular fibrillation

A
  • Wavy
  • Irregular baseline

No P wave or QRS

27
Q

Describe the EKG of asystole

A

Flat baseline

time to get that epinephrine and shock them!

CV Unit I (30 decks)

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