Arrhythmia Flashcards
Intermittent palpitations are commonly caused by which of the following?
A. Premature atrial contraction B. Premature ventricular contractions C. Supraventricular tachycardias D. Atrial fibrillation E. Any of the options
E. Any of the options
Intermittent = Premature atrial/ventricular contractions
Regular sustained palpitations are commonly caused by which of the following?
A. Ventricular tachycardias B. Premature ventricular contractions C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias D. Atrial fibrillation E. Any of the options
A. Ventricular tachycardias
Regular = SVT / VT
Irregular sustained palpitations are commonly caused by which of the following?
A. Atrial Flutter B. Premature ventricular contractions C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias D. Atrial fibrillation E. Any of the options
D. Atrial fibrillation
Irregular = AFib
Rapid regular beating of sudden onset and offset are commonly caused by which of the following?
A. Atrial Flutter B. Premature ventricular contractions C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias D. Atrial fibrillation E. Any of the options
C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias
Sudden onset/offset = Paroxysmal
Which of the following is the greatest risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia?
A. Myocardial infarction B. Congestive heart failure C. Coronary artery disease D. Cardiomyopathy E. Myocarditis
C. Coronary artery disease
Which of the following mainly supplies blood to the SA and AV nodes?
A. Circumflex artery B. Right coronary artery C. Left coronary artery D. Left descending artery E. Any of the options
B. Right coronary artery
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about normal sinus rhythm?
A. Impulse formation begins in the SA node
B. Heart rate of adults is higher than that of children
C. P wave is upright in leads I and II
D. Two of the options
E. All of the options
D. Two of the options
All of the following is/are TRUE about sinus rate firing EXCEPT:
A. Acetylcholine decreases sinus rate B. Epinephrine increases sinus rate C. Norepinephrine increases sinus rate D. Two of the options E. None of the options
E. None of the options
All of the following is/are TRUE about P wave EXCEPT:
A. Precedes QRS complex B. Has a duration of 0.06 to 0.12s C. Represents atrial depolarization D. Usually rounded and upright E. Any of the options F. None of the options
F. None of the options
Which of the following is the normal duration of PR interval?
A. 0.04 to 0.12s B. 0.06 to 0.12s C. 0.12 to 0.20s D. 0.16 to 0.20s E. 0.18 to 0.30s
C. 0.12 to 0.20s
All of the following is/are TRUE about QRS complex EXCEPT:
A. Follows the PR interval B. Has a duration of half the PR interval C. Represents ventricular depolarization D. Two of the options E. None of the options
E. None of the options
Which of the following represents ventricular recovery?
A. ST segment B. J point C. T wave D. QT interval E. U wave
C. T wave
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about QT interval?
A. Measures ventricular depolarization and repolarization
B. The faster the heart rate, the longer the QT interval
C. Amiodarone decreases QT interval
D. Two of the options
E. All of the options
A. Measures ventricular depolarization and repolarization
Increases QT interval: Amiodarone and hypocalcemia
Decreases QT interval: Digoxin and hypercalcemia
Which of the following causes abnormal U wave in ECG?
A. Amiodarone B. Sotalol C. Dofetilide D. Quinidine E. All of the options
E. All of the options
Abnormal U wave = SADQ = “SAD AQU”
Prominent U wave in ECG indicates which of the following?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypokalemia
P-pulmonale is caused by which of the following?
A. RA overload
B. LA overload
C. RVH
D. LVH
A. RA overload
P-mitrale - LA overload
It is the only electrical connection b/w atria and ventricles.
A. SA node B. AV node C. His bundle D. Left and right bundle branch E. Purkinje fiber
B. AV node
Which is the most important diagnostic test in evaluating cardiac arrhythmias?
A. CBC B. TSH test C. EKG D. Imaging test E. Any of the options
C. EKG or ECG
Which of the following drugs has the highest potency as sodium channel blocker?
A. Quinidine B. Lidocaine C. Mexiletine D. Flecainide E. Any of the options
D. Flecainide - class IC
All of the following are class IV antiarrhythmic drug EXCEPT:
A. Verapamil B. Diltiazem C. Benazepril D. Two of the options E. None of the options
C. Benazepril
Which of the following is/are TRUE about supraventricular tachycardias?
A. May originate from SA and AV node B. Mostly characterized by wide QRS complex C. Example is ventricular fibrillation D. Two of the options E. All of the options
A. May originate from SA and AV node
Which of the following is the most common cause of physiologic sinus tachycardia?
A. Infection B. Anemia C. Exercise D. Anxiety E. Hyperthyroidism
C. Exercise
Which of the following is characterized by symptomatic sinus tachycardia that occurs from a supine position to standing?
A. Nonphysiologic sinus tachycardia
B. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia
C. Postural orthostatic tachycardia
D. Any of the options
C. Postural orthostatic tachycardia
Which of the following is/are TRUE about focal atrial tachycardia?
A. Can be caused by small reentry circuit
B. Only occurs in patients with heart diseases
C. Has one P-wave morphology in ECG findings
D. Two of the options
E. All of the options
D. Two of the options
Which of the following is the most common site of focal atrial tachycardia?
A. Crista terminalis B. Valve annuli C. Atrial septum C. Pulmonary veins D. Coronary sinus
A. Crista terminalis
Which of the following is/are TRUE about atrial fibrillation?
A. 95% of AF patients are >60years old B. Men is commonly affected than women C. Hypertension is a risk factor D. Two of the options E. All of the options
E. All of the options
Which of the following is/are TRUE about ventricular tachycardia?
A. 3 or more consecutive beats at 100bpm
B. Non-sustained VT terminates w/in 30 seconds
C. Sustained VT terminates more than 30 seconds
D. Two of the options
E. All of the options
E. All of the options
Torsades de pointes can be observed in which of the following?
A. Monomorphic VT B. Polymorphic VT C. Ventricular flutter D. Premature ventricular contraction E. Any of the options
B. Polymorphic VT
Which of the following drugs can produce torsades de pointes?
A. Propranolol B. Magnesium sulfate C. Verapamil D. Procainamide E. Any of the options
D. Procainamide
Which of the following is the most alarming symptom of ventricular fibrillation?
A. Lightheadedness B. Exercise tolerance C. Syncope D. Cardiac arrest E. Any of the options
C. Syncope
Which of the following is considered as first choice for most VT?
A. Verapamil B. Esmolol C. Sotalol D. Quinidine E. Flecainide
B. Esmolol
First choice - Beta blockers
Which of the following drugs is mostly used for life-threatening arrhythmias?
A. Dronedarone B. Amiodarone C. Propranolol D. Esmolol E. Digoxin
B. Amiodarone
Which of the following is the drug of choice for acute SVT?
A. Adenosine B. Magnesium C. Esmolol D. Amiodarone E. Potassium
A. Adenosine
Dora, a 90-year old patient has hypertension visits your clinic and asks about her possibility to have stroke. What score will you give to her based on CHADS Risk Assessment?
A. 2 points B. 3 points C. 4 points D. 5 points E. 6 points
C. 4 points
C - CHF (1) H - Hypertension (1) A - Age > 75 (2) D - DM (1) S - Stroke (2) V - Vascular disease (1) A - Age 65 - 75 (1) Sex - female (1)
All of the following drugs are referred to as rhythm control strategy EXCEPT:
A. Class Ia B. Class Ib C. Class Ic D. Class II E. Class III
D. Class II - Beta blockers - Rate control
What is the characteristic ECG finding in atrial flutter?
A. Loss of P waves B. Sawtooth appearance C. Wavy P wave D. At least 3 different P wave morphologies E. Biphasic P wave
B. Sawtooth appearance
Which of the following is responsible for ventricular repolarization?
A. Ca efflux B. K efflux C. Na influx D. Na efflux E. K influx
B. K efflux
Which of the ff is associated with the ST segment?
A. K efflux B. Na influx C. Ca influx D. Ca efflux E. K influx
C. Ca influx
Which of the following is not a symptom of hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness B. Cardiac arrhythmia C. Hypotension D. Paralytic ileus E. Fatigue
C. Hypotension
Which of the following ECG segments corresponds with the phase 0 of the ventricular action potential?
A. ST segment B. PR interval C. QRS complex D. QT interval E. P wave
C. QRS complex
