Aromatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

Benzene (C₆H₆)

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2
Q

Explain the stability of the benzene ring.

A

delocalisation of electrons in the conjugated system

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3
Q

What is a phenyl group

A

A benzene ring in which one hydrogen atom has been substituted by another group is known as the phenyl group.

The phenyl group has the formula –C₆H₅

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4
Q

What type of reactions do benzene rings typically take part in?

A

Electrophilic substitution reactions.

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5
Q

Give an example of a reaction of a benzene ring. (include reagents).

A
  • halogenation by reaction of a halogen using aluminium chloride or iron(III) chloride for chlorination and aluminium bromide or iron(III) bromide for bromination
  • alkylation by reaction of a haloalkane using aluminium chloride
  • nitration using concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid
  • sulfonation using concentrated sulfuric acid
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