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Mpharm > aromaticity > Flashcards

aromaticity Flashcards

1
Q

oxidation in terms of electrons

A

loss of electrons

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2
Q

oxidation in terms of oxygen

A

gain of oxygen

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3
Q

oxidation in terms of hydrogen

A

loss of hydrogen

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4
Q

reduction in terms of electrons

A

gain of electrons

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5
Q

reduction in terms of oxygen

A

loss of oxygen

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6
Q

reduction in terms of hydrogen

A

gain of hydrogen

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7
Q

enzyme involved in oxidation of ethanol

A

ethanol dehydrogenase

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8
Q

enzyme involved in oxidation of ethanal

A

ethanal dehydrogenase

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9
Q

mild oxidant example

A

PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate)

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10
Q

what does PCC oxidise

A

primary alcohols to aldehydes (in the presence of an acid chloride)

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11
Q

strong oxidant example

A

KMnO4, potassium permanganate (in the presence of acid acetone)

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12
Q

what does KMnO4 oxidise

A

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

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13
Q

which oxidant is needed to oxidise an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

A

strong oxidant

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14
Q

which oxidant is needed to oxidise a secondary alcohol to ketone

A

either mild/strong oxidant

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15
Q

oxidant used for dihydroxylation of an alkene

A

OsO4, osmium tetroxide

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16
Q

reactant used in dihydroxylation of an alkene

A

H2O2

17
Q

what kind of addition is the dihydroxylation of an alkene and why

A

syn - both alcohols attack the same face as alkene is sp2 and flat

18
Q

what kind of oxidant is mCPBA (meta chloroperbenzoic acid)

A

strong oxidant

19
Q

what does mCPBA oxidise an alkene into

A

an epoxide

20
Q

what happens to ethyl oleate when exposed to oxygen

A

oxygen radicals can attack and forms of PEROXIDE which decomposes to an alpha beta unsaturated ketone which is toxic

21
Q

mild reducing agent example

A

NaBH4 (in the presence of ethanol and acid)

22
Q

what does NaBH4 reduce

A

aldehydes to a primary alcohol

23
Q

strong oxidising agent example

A

LiAlH4 (presence of Et2O as a solvent)

24
Q

what can LiAlH4 reduce

A

ester to primary alcohol

25
Q

which carbonyls require a mild reducing agent

A

more reactive carbonyls

26
Q

which carbonyls require a strong reducing agent

A

less reactive carbonyls

27
Q

what does the reduction of an alkene result in

A

alkane

28
Q

what are the reactants and conditions for the reduction of an alkene

A

H2 and a Pd/C catalyst

29
Q

what kind of addition is the reduction of an alkene

A

syn, both Hs delivered to the same face

30
Q

what happens when an alkyne reacts with H2 and a lindlar catalyst

A

only the first hydrogenation occurs, and a CIS ALKENE is formed

31
Q

what is a lindlar catalyst

A

a poisoned flat surface catalyst

32
Q

what is a nitro group reduced to

A

an amine

33
Q

what does a nitrobenzene need to react with to be reduced

A

H2 and Pd/C catalyst

34
Q

what does nature use to reduce carboxylic acids

A

NADH/ NADPH

Mpharm (6 decks)

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