Aromatic Organic Flashcards
Why phenol is more reactive than benzene
- lone pair on oxygen is delocalised into pi ring system
- electron density of pi ring system increased
- more susceptible to attack from electrophiles
Why phenylamine is a weak base
- Lone pair on NH3 delocalised into pi ring system
- electron density of pi ring system increased
- electrons aren’t available to attack other molecules
Reformation of AlCl3
AlCl4 + H+ > AlCl3 + HCl
Formation of acyl chloride electrophile
AlCl3 + ROCl > RCO+ + AlCl4-
Sodium phenoxide > phenol
HCl
Phenol + bromine equation
C6H5OH + 3Br2 > C6H3Br3 (2,4,6) + 3HBr
Chlorobenzene > sodium phenoxide
NaOH, 350C
Formation of nitronium ion
- H2SO4 + HNO3 > HSO4- + H2NO3+
- H2NO3+ > H2O + NO2+
Nitrobenzene > Phenylamine
Sn, conc HCl, reflux
Benzene > Nitrobenzene
conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, heat
Formation of chlorine electrophile
Cl2 + AlCl3 > AlCl4- + Cl+
Benzene > Chlorobenzene
Cl2, AlCl3 catalyst (E.S. / Chlorination)
Benzene > Cyclohexane
H2, Ni catalyst (Reduction)
Formation of bromine electrophile
Br2 + FeBr3 > Br+ + FeBr4-
Benzene > Bromobenzene
Br2, FeBr3 X carrier (E.S. / bromination)