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DPT1 > AROM > Flashcards

AROM Flashcards

1
Q

Hip Flexion AROM

A

Supine, Knee to chest
Goniometer:
- Axis: Greater Trochanter
- Moving Arm: Femur towards lateral condyle
- Fixed Arm: Midline of Trunk

Overpressure - Through the thigh @ 90degrees

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2
Q

Hip extension AROM

A

Prone, Knee bent to 90 degrees, Lift knee off of the bed

Goniometer:
- Axis: Greater Trochanter
- Moving Arm: Femur to lateral condyle
- Fixed Arm: Midline of the Trunk

Trick Movement: Stabilise the lumbar spine to stop trunk rotation

Overpressure: Holding the knee and bring it up

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3
Q

Hip Abduction AROM

A

Supine, opposite leg over side of bed (for stability), slide leg into abduction (using a slider board if required)

Goniometer:
- Axis: ASIS
- Moving Arm: Femur
- Fixed Arm: Opposite ASIS

Trick Movement: Need to keep toes pointing to the sky

Overpressure: Stabilise pelvis, guide force lower to the knee

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4
Q

Hip External Rotation AROM

A

Sitting legs off of bed, Foot comes inwards towards other leg

Goniometer:
- Axis: Patella
- Moving Arm: Tibia
- Fixed Arm: Perpendicular to the floor

Overpressure: Delivered through the thigh

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5
Q

Hip Internal Rotation AROM

A

Sitting legs off of bed, Foot travels outwards

Goniometer:
- Axis: Patella
- Moving Arm: Tibia
- Fixed Arm: Perpendicular to the floor

Overpressure: Delivered through the thigh

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6
Q

Knee Flexion AROM

A

Supine, Heel slides towards the bum

Goniometer:
- Axis: Lateral Femoral Condyle
- Moving Arm: Down the fibula to lateral malleolus
- Fixed Arm: Up the femur towards the greater trochanter

Overpressure - Through the tibia to compress the knee, 90 degrees to the part (greatest leverage at distal end)

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7
Q

Knee Extension AROM

A

Supine, Towel under knee, patient contracts quads to get into full knee extension

Goniometer:
- Axis: Lateral Femoral Condyle
- Moving Arm: Down the fibula towards the lateral malleolus
- Fixed Arm: Up the femur towards the greater trochanter

Overpressure: Can either stabilise above or below the knee, gently pull through underneath the lower leg

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8
Q

Knee Medial & Lateral Rotation AROM

A

Supine, Hip & Knee at 90 degrees, have patient turn lower legs inwards and outwards without moving the hip
- Easier to manually demonstrate

Goniometer: No measurement required

Overpressure: Stabilise above the knee, apply rotational force through the lower leg (just above the ankle)

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9
Q

Dorsi Flexion AROM

A

Supine Or prone w/ knee at 90. Towel Under Knee (if in supine), Foot Hanging off the end of the bed. Patient brings toes back up towards the body

Goniometer:
- Axis: Lateral Malleolus
- Moving Arm: Parallel to the 5th Metatarsal
- Fixed Arm: Fibula

  • Note that the measurement is taken from 90 degrees (Perpendicular to the line of the fibula) and dorsi flexion is only achieved after surpassing the 90 degree mark.

Overpressure: One hand stabilises the mortice, the other grabs the calcaneus and brings it up.

Towel required under the knee to prevent passive insufficiency as a result of Gastroc tension.

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10
Q

Plantar Flexion AROM

A

Supine Or prone w/ knee at 90. Towel Under Knee (if in supine), Foot Hanging off the end of the bed. Patient points toes away from the body

Goniometer:
- Axis: Lateral Malleolus
- Moving Arm: Parallel to the 5th Metatarsal
- Fixed Arm: Fibula

Overpressure: If in Supine one hand stabilises the mortice and the webspace of the other hand goes over the joint/talus and applies pressure from above. If in prone, then one hand stabilises the calcaneus and the above hand applies force through sole of the foot.

  • Note that the measurement is taken from 90 degrees (Perpendicular to the line of the fibula) and plantar flexion is everything past the 90 degree mark.
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11
Q

Foot supination AROM

A

Supine, Foot off the end of the bed. Foot turns inwards

Goniometer: Not required

Over pressure: Need to achieve inversion, adduction and plantar flexion. Stabilise the calcaneus with one hand and broadly apply pressure with the other hand.

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12
Q

Foor Pronation AROM

A

Supine, Foot off the end of the bed. Foot turns outwards.

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: Need to achieve eversion, abduction and dorsi flexion. One hand stabilises the calcaneus and the other hand applies force by grabbing the forefoot and pulling it outwards.

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13
Q

Lumbar Flexion AROM

A

Standing, Slide hands down the front of the legs (Bending forward as far as you can go).

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: Bowing action with forearms (Fingers meeting in centre) - one forearm is through the thorax and the other is through the sacrum and posterior aspect of the pelvis

Trick: Knees need to be slightly bent to avoid hamstrings limiting the movement

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14
Q

Lumbar Extension AROM

A

Standing, Run hands down the back of the thighs (bending back as far as you can go)

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: Gentle through the shoulders and pulling back.

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15
Q

Lumbar Lateral Flexion AROM

A

Standing, Sliding the hands down the lateral leg (Leaning as far as you can on both sides)

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: Gentle force through the shoulders

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16
Q

Lumbar Rotation AROM

A

Sitting, Hands across the chest, feet on the floor and twisting to either side

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: One hand on one scapula, and the other hand over the patients hand on the other shoulder, gently apply force

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17
Q

Thoracic Flexion AROM

A

Sitting, Arms across chest, Bend forward and Elbows sinking towards the hips

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: Bowing action overpressure through the thoracic spine

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18
Q

Thoracic Extension AROM

A

Sitting, Arms clasped behind neck, Lean Forward slightly and then extend through the vertebrae.

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: One hand on the thoracic spine and the other under the elbows and guiding them back into a greater extension

19
Q

Thoracic Lateral Flexion AROM

A

Sitting, Feet on ground, arms behind head (as if getting arrested/elbows out to the side). Slowly move laterally to each side so one elbow is pointing towards the floor and the other up to the sky.

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: One hand on top of the shoulder. The other hand under the armpit on the other side

20
Q

Thoracic Rotation AROM

A

Sitting, Hands across the chest, feet on the floor and twisting to either side

Goniometer: Not Required

Overpressure: One hand on one scapula, and the other hand over the patients hand on the other shoulder, gently apply force

21
Q

Shoulder Flexion AROM

A

Standing, straight arm is brought forwards and reaches up.

Goniometer (Performed from the side):
- Axis: Humeral Head
- Moving Arm: Along the midline of the humerus
- Fixed Arm: Mid-Axillary line of the thorax/chest

Overpressure: Performed from the front in the AP direction. One stabilises the scapula from behind, the other presses through the humerus.
** need to be careful of shoulder joint instability**

22
Q

Shoulder Extension AROM

A

Standing, Elbow Bent, Elbow is pushed backwards.

Goniometer (Taken from the side):
- Axis: Humeral Head
- Moving Arm: Down the humerus
- Fixed Arm: Mid-Axillary Line of Thorax

Overpressure: One hand over the head of the humerus as it is vulnerable in this position. The other hand applies the force AP through the bicep.

Bent elbow prevents biceps tension from limiting the movement from taking place.

23
Q

Shoulder Abduction AROM

A

Standing, Straight arm moves towards the side and above the head.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Posterior GHJ Line
- Moving Arm: Down the midline of the humerus
- Fixed Arm: Parallel to the trunk/spinous processes

Overpressure: Stabilize scapula with one hand and apply the force through the humerus towards the head. You may get the patient to move their head to the other side so you can get more ROM.

24
Q

Shoulder Internal Rotation AROM

A

Supine, Shoulder abducted to 90 with arm off of the bed, elbow also at 90 with hand pointing to the roof. Elbow stays still, hand pushes down on the palmar side.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Olecranon Process
- Moving Arm: Down the ulnar to the styloid
- Fixed Arm: Perpendicular to the floor

Overpressure: One hand stabilises the scapula from behind and the other hand applies pressure at the wrist gently.

Towel: Covering Body

25
Q

Shoulder External Rotation AROM

A

Supine, Shoulder abducted to 90 with arm off of the bed, elbow also at 90 with hand pointing to the roof. Elbow stays still, hand pushes down on the dorsal side.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Olecranon Process
- Moving Arm: Down the ulnar to the styloid
- Fixed Arm: Perpendicular to the floor

Overpressure: One hand stabilises the humeral head in front and the other hand applies pressure at the wrist gently. MUST BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL FO THIS MOVEMENT.

Trick movement: Make sure there is no movement at the elbow.

Towel: Covering Body

26
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Flexion/Extension AROM

A

Supine, arm either pushing across the body or hanging laterally off the side of the bed.

Supine, Shoulder abducted to 90 with arm off of the bed, elbow also at 90 with hand pointing to the roof. Elbow stays still, hand pushes down on the palmar side.

Goniometer: Nil

Overpressure: Stabilize scapula and apply force 90 degrees to the humerus (closer to the elbow).

Towel: Covering Body

27
Q

Shoulder Hand Behind the Back AROM

A

Combines shoulder extension with internal rotation & Abduction.

Recording: Done through how far they can reach up their back.

28
Q

Elbow Flexion AROM

A

Typically in supine (but can be in standing or sitting). Hand is brought towards the shoulder.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- Moving Arm: Down midline of radius towards the styloid process
- Fixed Arm: Along the midline of the humerus towards the acromion.

Overpressure: Stride stance, one hand under the humerus and the other hand applying pressure through the forearm @ 90 degrees.

Towel: Underneath Elbow

29
Q

Elbow Extension AROM

A

Typically in supine (but can be in standing or sitting). Hand is taken away from the shoulder.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- Moving Arm: Down midline of radius towards the styloid process
- Fixed Arm: Along the midline of the humerus towards the acromion.

Overpressure: therapist facing the foot of the bed. Forearm used to support the humeral head anteriorly and the hand is wrapped around under the humerus. The other hand applies a forces AP through the forearm.

Towel: Underneath Elbow

30
Q

Elbow Supination AROM

A

Sitting with forearm over a table. Hand holding a pencil. Patient performs supination by twisting the arm so the palm is facing upwards.

Goniometer (Note - hand starts in neutral/pen is vertical)
- Axis: Head of third metacarpal
- Moving Arm: Parallel to the pen
- Fixed Arm: Perpendicular to the floor

Overpressure: Hold the forearm in both hands and apply a rotational force

31
Q

Elbow Pronation AROM

A

Sitting with forearm over a table. Hand holding a pencil. Patient performs pronation by twisting the arm so the palm is facing downwards.

Goniometer (Note - hand starts in neutral/pen is vertical)
- Axis: Head of third metacarpal
- Moving Arm: Parallel to the pen
- Fixed Arm: Perpendicular to the floor

Overpressure: Hold the forearm in both hands and apply a rotational force

32
Q

Wrist Flexion AROM

A

Seated, Forearm on the table in mid-prone (arm sideways). Hand is brought towards the body (Fingers relaxed)

Goniometer:
- Axis: Just beyond the radial styloid
- Moving Arm: Along the line of the 2nd Metacarpal
- Fixed Arm: Along the line of the radius

Overpressure: Apply force to posterior aspect of the MCPs using your palm, stabilise the radius/ulnar with the other hand

33
Q

Wrist Extension ROM

A

Seated, Forearm on the table in mid-prone (arm sideways). Hand is taken away from the body

Goniometer:
- Axis: Just beyond the radial styloid
- Moving Arm: Along the line of the 2nd Metacarpal
- Fixed Arm: Along the line of the radius

Overpressure: Apply force by practically holding the patients hand.

34
Q

Radial Deviation AROM

A

Seated , forearm resting on table (towel under forearm). Forearm in prone. Laterally flex towards the thumb side.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Over the capitate
- Moving Arm: in line with the 3rd metatarsal
- Fixed Arm: Up the middle of the forearm

Overpressure: One hand holds the patients forearm just proximal to the wrist and the other hand is in the patients palm to apply the pressure

35
Q

Ulnar Deviation AROM

A

Seated , forearm resting on table (towel under forearm). Forearm in prone. Laterally flex towards the small finger side side.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Over the capitate
- Moving Arm: in line with the 3rd metatarsal
- Fixed Arm: Up the middle of the forearm

Overpressure: One hand holds the patients forearm just proximal to the wrist and the other hand is in the patients palm to apply the pressure

36
Q

Thumb Flexion/Extension AROM

A

Occurs in the frontal plane, done in sitting with forearm on the table.

Goniometer:
- Axis: Palmar aspect of the first carpometacarpal joint
- Moving Arm: Parallel to the 1st metacarpal
- Fixed Arm: Along and parallel to the radius

37
Q

Thumb Abduction/Adduction AROM

A

Occurs in the sagittal plane, done in sitting with forearm on the table.

Goniometer:
- Axis: First carpometacarpal joint
- Moving Arm: Parallel to the first metacarpal
- Fixed Arm: Parallel to the second metacarpal

38
Q

Cervical Flexion AROM

A

Seated, feet on floor. “Tuck your chin into your chest”.

Goniometer: NIL

Overpressure: Bowing action. One hand on cervical spine with forearm over the thoracic area, other hand on the head producing a very slight force.

39
Q

Upper Cervical Flexion AROM

A

Seated, feet on floor. “Give yourself a double chin”

Goniometer: NIL

Overpressure: Not at this stage

40
Q

Cervical Extension AROM

A

Seated, feet on floor. “Look up to the roof”

Goniometer: NIL

Overpressure: Not at this stage

41
Q

Upper Cervical Extension AROM

A

Seated, feet on floor. “Stick your chin out”

Goniometer: NIL

Overpressure: Not at this stage

42
Q

Lateral Cervical Flexion AROM

A

Seated, feet on floor. Take your ear towards your shoulder.

Goniometer: NIL

Overpressure: One hand stabilises the shoulder (but does the depress the shoulder girdle) and the other is on the head guiding it into lateral flexion

43
Q

Cervical rotation AROM

A

Seated, feet on floor. “ Look over your right/left shoulder).

Goniometer: NIL

Overpressure: Stand on the side the patient is turning to, place both hands over the patients cheek bones (but do not cover the ears), gently turn until the forearm is along the patients back.

DPT1 (7 decks)

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