Arms, Chest, Lungs Flashcards
What are the 6 shoulder stabilizing muscles?
Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scapulae, Pectoralis Minor, Subclavius, Serratus Anterior
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
Which rotator cuff muscle is the most commonly injured?
Supraspinatus
Where are the origins for the flexors and extensors?
Flexors are medial, Extensors are lateral
What is the function of the retinaculum?
To position tendons in the wrist
What is the function of a tendon sheath and what are the two layers?
A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane (a “tube”) around a tendon that is lubricated. It permits the tendon to move. It has two layers: synovial sheath (tenosynovium) and fibrous tendon sheath. The digits have a sheath retinaculum that act as pulleys.
Where is the Jugular notch?
It is located right above the sternum and is located where the clavicles come together.
What is important about the Infraclavicular fossa?
1.) It covers/protects the cords of the brachial plexus 2.) It’s the site of the arm for an anesthetic injection
Where are the thenar and hypothenar eminences located?
Thenar eminence is between the thumb (pollex) and the pointer finger while the hypothenar is by the pinky
Where is the anatomic snuff box and what muscles are included?
Ventral side of the hand by the thumb. The muscles are 1.) Extensor Pollicus Longus and 2.) Extensor Pollicus Bevis/Abductor Pollicus Longus
Let’s say you tripped on a banana peel and are going down for a face plant, you throw your hands out to brace yourself! What bone is known to break if you hit the ground too hard?
The scaphoid* and radius break.
What are the main deep arteries of the arm?
Subclavian (3 major regions) > Axillary (anastomoses) > Brachial > Radial and Ulnar ) - Palmar Arch (2 of them – 1 deep 1 superficial) anastomoses -
There is redundant blood supply at the elbow as the collateral arteries have a recurrent. Remember that arteries are deep.
How many sets of Veins are in the arm?
Two – one follows the arteries while the other is superficial.
What are the superficial veins of the arm?
Dorsal Plexus > Basilic and Cephalic > Median Cubital OR Median Cephalic and Median Basilic
Tell me random facts about the deep arm veins..
Palm side
Major Trunks have a single vein
Venae comitantes – 2 veins – one on each side of an artery
What are the bones of the thorax?
Sternum, Ribs, T1-T12
What are the joints associated with the ribs?
Sternocostal joints and Costovertebral joints
Impress me with your knowledge of Sternocostal Joints :)
Radiate Ligament, 7 true/real ribs
Rib #1-Sternum = fused/synchondroses joint
Ribs#2-#7-Sternum =Synovial joint (moves when you breath, as you age, itdeteriorates and fills with scar tissue)
False ribs = don’t articulate with the sternum
Ribs #11-#12 = floating ribs – no cartilage
Costovertebral joints?
Two types: Transverse Process and Vertebral Body
Both kinds are synovial
Transverse Process ligaments: Costotransverse (Superior, Inferior, and lateral)
Vertebral Body ligaments: Radiate and intra-articular (between 2 demifacets)
What are the types of muscles of respiration (3)?
Inspiratory, Expiratory, and Respiratory Assist Muscles
What are the Inspiratory muscles (and how do they work, if applicable)?
- )External intercostals = origin – bottom of a rib, insertion – rib below > thus ribs are pulled UP to inspire
- )Interchondral portion of internal intercostals
- ) Diaphragm – originates at bottom of ribcage and vertebrae, inserts at the central tendon (center of dome)
What are the openings of the diaphragm (3)?
Caval, Aortic, and Esophageal
Which diaphragmatic opening tears most often?
The esophageal hiatus and is called a hiatal hernia
What are the Expiratory muscles (3, only discussed 1* in class) ?
1.)*Internal intercostals proper (aka interosseous portion)
Origin: Bottom of rib, Insertion: Rib above it > Pushes rib down and in, to breath OUT
2.) transverse thoracic, and 3.) abdominal muscles
