Arm, Elbow, And Forearm Flashcards
Tri-joint complex
Humeroradial joint
Humeroulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
Capitulum and radial head
Humeroulnar joint
Trochlear and trochlear notch
Proximal radioulnar joint
Radial head and radial notch
Function of the Humeroradial and Humeroulnar joints
(Elbow) flexion/extension
Function of the proximal radioulnar (forearm)
Supination/pronation
Radius rotates around ulna, from lateral to anterior during pronation
Nursemaid elbow
Radial head dislocates from the annular ligament
Functions of nursemaid elbow
Elbow extension and forearm pronation
Reduction: full supination and then flexion
Carrying angle
Vertical axis of the humerus and forearm
Configurations of the articular surfaces
Males, 5 degrees
Female, 10-15 degrees
What happens if there is too big carrying angle
Sprain of ulnar collateral ligaments
Valgus stress test
Anterior arm muscle
Musculocutaneous nerve
Posterior arm nerve
Radial nerve
(Forearm) anteromedial component
Median and ulnar nerve- flexor compartment
Median nerve
Crossing 2 heads of pronator teres
- continuous part: median nerve
- anterior interosseous nerve
Ulnar nerve
Crossing two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
- dorsal branch: sensory input of dorsal ulnar 1.5 digits
- palmar side: ulnar 1.5 digit sensory input and motor of intrinsic hand muscles
Posterolateral component
Radial nerve and branches
- Divides into superficial and deep branches
- superficial branch: sensory input from dorsal radial head
- deep branch: posterior interosseous nerve after crossing supinator-posterior forearm muscles
Grade III biceps tendon tear
Grade I: symptoms w/o visible damage
Grade II: visible incomplete tear, still partially functional
Grade III: complete tear w/o function
Proximal and distal of grade III bicep tear
Proximal: most often long head tear (Popeyes arm) bump approaches to the elbow. May may not need surgery
Distal: whole tendon, surgical repair indicated, bump approaches to the shoulder. Heavy work, body builders who take steroids
Radial nerve neuropathy
Mid numeral shaft fracture: most common radial nerve injury
Radial nerve injury can cause what.
Saturday night palsy Honeymoon palsy Handcuff neuropathy Crutch palsy Squash palsy
Golfers elbow: media, epicondylitis
Strain of flexor Caron radial is tendon
Similar symptoms w neighboring structure injury
-flexor carpi ulnaris and cubital tunnel syndrome
Tennis elbow- lateral epicondylitis
Strain of extensor tendon: major cause is extensor carpi radial is brevis
Similar symptoms with neighboring structure injury
-brachioradialis
- radial tunnel syndrome: superficial radial and posterior interosseous nerve impingement
