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Arm and Forearm Flashcards

1
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12
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13
Q

Name the arm flexor muscles. How many?

A

Three muscles (BBC)

  1. Biceps brachii (long and short head)
  2. Brachialis
  3. Coracobrachialis
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14
Q

Name the only arm extensor (posterior) muscle? What innervates it?

A

Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial)

Radial nerve (in radial groove) innervates it

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15
Q

Name the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm? How many?

What is their origin?

A

FOUR (P/F, P/F)

  1. Pronater Teres
  2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  3. Palmaris Longus
  4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle

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16
Q

Which muscle is absent in about 25% of people and used in autografts? What type of muscle is it?

A

Palmaris Longus - Superficial Forearm Flexor muscle

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17
Q

Name the only middle forearm flexor musle?

Name its OINA

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (TRICKY, superficialis is middle here)

O: common flexor tendon and radius at extensive origin (medial epicondyle)

Ins: middle phalanges at digits 2-5

Inn: Median nerve

A: Flexes hand and joints at digits 2-5

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18
Q

Latin Roots

  1. Pollicis
  2. Carpi
  3. Digitorum
A

Pollicis = Thumb (thumbs up for politics)

Carpi = Wrist (Carpe Diem is risky)

Digitorum = Digit

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19
Q

Name the deep forearm flexor muscles

A

THREE

  1. Flexor pollicis longus
  2. Flexor digitorum profundas
  3. Pronater quadratus
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20
Q

Name the superficial forearm extensor muscles

What are the common origin, innervation, and action

A

SIX

Origin: Common exterior tendon at lateral epicondyle

Inn: Radial nerve

Action: Mostly extends wrist and digits

  1. Brachioradialis (Exception = NOT extensor, flexes forearm)
  2. Extensor Carpi radius longus
  3. Extensor Carpi radius brevis
  4. Extensor digitorum
  5. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  6. Extensor digiti minimi
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21
Q

Name the deep forearm extensor muscles

What are the common origins, innervations, and actions?

A

FIVE

  1. Supinator (Exception - flex forearm from common tendon)
  2. Extensor pollicis brevis
  3. Extensor pollicis longus
  4. Abductor pollicis longus
  5. Extensor indicis

O: Radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

Inn: Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

A: Mostly thumb related

22
Q

What are the four major nerves of the upper extremity?

A

ALL from the ends of the brachial plexus

  1. Musculocutaneous nerve
  2. Radial nerve
  3. Median nerve
  4. Ulnar nerve
23
Q

Forearm Supination

A

Biceps brachii (Major effect)

Supinator

24
Q

Forearm Pronation

A

Pronator Teres

Pronator quadrates

25
Q

Forearm Flexion

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

26
Q

Arm Adduction

A

Coracobrachialis

27
Q

Arm Flexion

A

Coracobrachialis

28
Q

Arm Extension

A

Triceps brachii (Long head only)

29
Q

Forearm Extension

A

Triceps brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial)

30
Q

Hand Flexion

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

31
Q

Hand Extension

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus (at wrist)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (at wrist)

Extensor digitorum (at wrist)

Extensor carpi ulnaris (at wrist)

32
Q

Hand Abduction

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus (at wrist)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (at wrist)

33
Q

Hand Adduction

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris (at wrist)

34
Q

MP/PIP joint Flexion

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (MP/PIP joints of digits 2-5)

Flexor pollicis longus (MP/IP joints of thumb)

Flexor digitorum profundus (MP/DIP joints of digits 2-5)

35
Q

Little Finger Extension

A

Extensor digiti minimi

36
Q

Thumb Abduction

A

Abductor pollicis longus

37
Q

Thumb Extension

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

38
Q

Index Finger Extension

A

Extensor indicis

39
Q

Digits 2-5 Extension

A

Extensor digitorum

40
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

  1. What does it become and where?
  2. What does it pierce?
  3. What does it innervate?
  4. What action does it affect?
A
  1. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve at elbow
  2. Pierces coracobrachialis
  3. Innervates skin of anterolateral forearm & ALL anterior arm muscles
  4. arm flexion & supination
41
Q

Radial nerve

  1. What does it become and where?
  2. What does it pierce?
  3. What does it innervate?
  4. What action does it affect?
A
  1. posterior interosseous nerve (for deep forearm extensor muscles)
  2. Pierces supinator
  3. ALL Posterior parts (arm skin, arm muscles, forearm muscles
  4. Extension and abduction mostly (forearm, wrist, digits)
42
Q

Median Nerve

What does it become and where?
What does it pierce?
What does it innervate?
What action does it affect?

A
  1. anterior interosseous nerve (for the deep flexor muscles)
  2. None
  3. Almost ALL Anterior Forearm muscles (except flexor carpi ulnaris)
  4. Flexion of hand/joints, Pronation of forearm
43
Q

Ulnar nerve

What does it become and where?
What does it pierce?
What does it innervate?
What action does it affect?

A
  1. dorsal cutaneous branch (to medial dorsal hand/palm)
  2. None
  3. 2 nerves only: flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundas (medial half). skin of palm/hand
  4. Flexion of hand and joints
44
Q

Describe the branching of the axillary artery and where it changes names

A

Axillary to brachial @ teres major

Brachial to radial/ulnar arteries at elbow

Radial artery deep to brachioradialis muscle, next to flexor carpi radialis

Ulnar artery deep to pronater muscle, next to ulnar nerve

45
Q

What two branches does the ulnar artery become?

A

anterior interosseus artery and posterior interosseous artery

46
Q

Describe the path of the superficial veins

A

Basilic venous system: Medial

Cephalic venous system: Lateral

Median cubital vein connects them

47
Q

What are the venae comitantes?

A

Deep veins that follow the deep arteries

48
Q

Cubital Fossa

  1. Where is it?
  2. Boundaries
  3. Superficial structures
  4. Deep structures
A
  1. Triangular region in front of elbow
  2. Lateral-Medial Line of Epicondytes, Brachioradialis (Lateral), Pronater Teres (Medial)
  3. Bicipital Aponeurosis (white fibrous tissue), median cubital vein
  4. Biceps Tendon, Brachial Artery, Median Nerve (TAN)
49
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

  1. Where is it?
  2. Boundaries, what innervates these?
  3. Superficial structures
  4. Deep structures
A
  1. triangle shaped depression near thumb
  2. Anterior: abductor pollicis longus/extensor pollicis brevis, Lateral: extensor pollicis longus, Floor: Scaphoid Bone: All muscles innervated by the radial nerve
  3. radial nerve
  4. radial artery
50
Q

Which nerve travels between the two heads of the pronater teres?

A

Median nerve

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the pronater quadratus

A

Anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve (deep flexor muscle)

Anatomy Cards with Pics (11 decks)

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