arm and cubital fossa

Question 1

veins run blood in which direction?

Answer 1

up / back to heart

Question 2

if a nerve is running beneath a muscle, that means the nerve usually …

Answer 2

innervates that muscle

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

if a nerve is running on top of a muscle, that means the nerve usually …

Answer 6

does not innervate the muscle, instead may innervate a different muscle superficial to the nerve, or innervate the skin

Question 7

why do nerves usually run beneath the muscle they innervate?

Answer 7

to protect the nerve

Question 8

define “recurrent artery”

Answer 8

an artery that is traveling back up the arm after already going down

Question 9

musculocutaneous nerve

1. location
2. origination
3. innervates
4. becomes

Answer 9

1. anterior arm
2. from lateral cord
3. innervates all muscles in FLEXOR compartment (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis)
4. pops out of muscle farther down and becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (innervates skin on lateral forearm)

(carries motor info in arm, sensory info in forearm)

Question 10

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

1. innervates

Answer 10

1. skin of medial upper arm

Question 11

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

1. originates
2. innervates

Answer 11

1. from medial cord of brachial plexus
2. innervates skin of medial forearm

Question 12

median nerve

1. travels through
2. crosses
3. innervates

Answer 12

1. medial compartment without innervating anything
2. crosses cubit
3. innervates muscles in forearm and hand

Question 13

ulnar nerve

1. travels in which direction
2. crosses behind
3. innervates

Answer 13

1. travels medially
2. crosses behind medial epicondyle (funny bone)
3. innervates muscles in forearm and hand

Question 14

radial nerve

1. location
2. travels in
3. innervates
4. becomes
5. which continues on to innervate

Answer 14

1. posterior arm
2. travels in radial groove on posterior humerus
3. innervates POSTERIOR compartment of arm (triceps brachii, anconeus)
4. becomes posterior interosseous nerve
5. which continues on to innervate all muscles on posterior forearm

Question 15

axillary nerve

1. innervates

Answer 15

1. deltoid and teres minor

Question 16

brachial artery

1. originates
2. function
3. becomes
4. supplies

Answer 16

1. axillary artery becomes brachial artery after passing lat dorsi tendon
2. primary artery supplying the arm
3. deep brachial artery
4. supplies elbow anastomoses

Question 17

deep brachial artery

1. originates
2. passes through
3. supplies

Answer 17

1. from brachial artery
2. triangular interval space with radial nerve
3. supplies posterior part of arm

Question 18

define “elbow anastomosis”

Answer 18

redundancy in arteries so that if one artery is cut off, blood supply will still continue

Question 19

muscles in shoulder move …

Answer 19

arm

Question 20

muscles in arm move …

Answer 20

forearm

Question 21

muscles in forearm move …

Answer 21

wrist and digits

Question 22

muscles in hand move …

Answer 22

digits

Question 23

biceps brachii

1. short (medial) head of biceps brachii attachment
2. long (lateral) head of biceps brachii attachment
3. distal part of biceps brachii attachment

Answer 23

1. coracoid process
2. its ligament attaches to intertubercular groove, continues superiorly and also attaches to glenoid tubercle (top of glenoid fossa)
3. long and short head merge and attach to radial tuberosity

Question 24

define “biceps aponeurosis”

Answer 24

part of biceps brachii

sheet of connective tissue that spreads medially out from distal end of muscle

Question 25

biceps brachii ~movements

Answer 25

1. shoulder and elbow flexion 2. forearm supination

Question 26

brachialis 1. upper attachment 2. crosses 3. lower attachment

Answer 26

1. a little over halfway up humerus 2. crosses anterior elbow 3. ulnar tuberosity

Question 27

brachialis ~movement

Answer 27

elbow flexion

Question 28

coracobrachialis 1. location 2. upper attachment 3. lower attachment

Answer 28

1. runs right beneath short head of biceps brachii 2. attaches with short head of biceps brachii to coracoid process 3. down on humerus

Question 29

coracobrachialis ~movement

Answer 29

shoulder flexion

Question 30

triceps brachii 1. three heads 2. one head crosses 3. attachment of one head 4. attachment of two heads 5. their distal attachment after all merging

Answer 30

1. long, lateral, medial (medial is beneath long head) 2. long head crosses shoulder joint 3. long head attaches to infraglenoid tubercle 4. lateral and medial heads attach to humerus 5. they merge onto triceps tendon, which attaches to olecranon process of ulna

Question 31

triceps brachii ~movements

Answer 31

shoulder and elbow extension

Question 32

anconeus 1. first attachment 2. second attachment

Answer 32

1. lateral epicondyle of humerus 2. olecranon process of ulna

Question 33

anconeus ~movement

Answer 33

accessory extensor of elbow

Question 34

most wrist extensors attach to ..., except one attaches to ...

Answer 34

lateral epicondyle supercondular ridge (just above lateral epicondyle)

Question 35

most wrist flexors attach to ...

Answer 35

medial epicondyle

Question 36

two main superficial veins in arm:

Answer 36

1. cephalic vein (lateral) 2. basilic vein (medial)

Question 37

vein that connects basilic vein to cephalic vein 1. name 2. what it runs through

Answer 37

1. median cubital vein 2. runs through cubit

Question 38

we can rotate our forearm (supination and pronation) bc of what bone?

Answer 38

radius, bc it spins

Question 39

annular ligament 1. location 2. function

Answer 39

1. around head of radius 2. allows motion but limits too much motion

Question 40

radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament 1. function for elbow 2. function for ulnar / humerus 3. losing either one can cause

Answer 40

1. holds elbow during flexion 2. prevents ulnar / humerus from shifting side-to-side 3. dislocation

Question 41

define "valgus angle"

Answer 41

natural angle of forearm outwards / laterally from elbow when in anatomical position

Question 42

lateral border of cubital fossa

Answer 42

brachioradialis

Question 43

medial border of cubital fossa

Answer 43

pronator teres

Question 44

superior border of cubital fossa

Answer 44

imaginary line between two epicondyles

Question 45

"floor" of cubital fossa

Answer 45

brachialis muscle (crosses elbow to go connect to ulnar tuberosity)

Question 46

cubital fossa (from lateral to medial) 1. T(endon) 2. A(rtery) 3. N(erve)

Answer 46

1. biceps brachii tendon 2. brachial artery (before it splits into radial and ulnar) 3. median nerve

Question 47

brachial fascia ~location

Answer 47

covers entire outer edges of arm compartments

Question 48

fascia that divides compartments inside of arm (3)

Answer 48

1. lateral intermuscular septum 2. medial intermuscular septum 3. medial septum

Question 49

medial septum encloses which compartment?

Answer 49

neurovascular compartment

Question 50

anterior (flexor) compartment 1. contains what muscle group 2. contains three muscles 3. all three muscles innervated by

Answer 50

1. elbow flexors 2. biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis 3. musculocutaneous nerve

Question 51

posterior (extensor) compartment 1. contains what muscle group 2. contains two muscles 3. both muscles innervated by

Answer 51

1. elbow extensors 2. triceps brachii, anconeus 3. radial nerve