Arm

Question 1

What are the three fossae on the humerus and which condyles do they correspond with?

Answer 1

Radial Fossa (capitulum -> radius)
Coronoid fossa (trochlea -> ulna)
Olecranon fossa

Question 2

What is the largest branch of the brachial artery and what does it run with?

Answer 2

Profunda brachii - divides into the medial collateral branch and radial collateral branch
Runs with the radial nerve

Question 3

What is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 3

Passes through coracobrachialis
-Gives motor innervation to anterior compartment of arm
Descends as the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
-Gives sensory innervation to skin on lateral side of forearm

Question 4

What are the cutaneous branches of the radial nerve?

Answer 4

Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Question 5

What are the different joints that make up the elbow joint?

Answer 5

Joint between trochlear of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna and head of radius with the capitulum of the humerus - flexion and extension hinge-like movements.
Head of radius and radial notch of ulna- pronation and supination of forearm

Question 6

What are the different ligaments which make up the elbow joint?

Answer 6

Anular ligament of the radius
Radial collateral ligament
Ulna collateral ligament

Question 7

What are the margins and contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 7

Lateral margin: brachioradialis
Medial margin: Pronator teres
Base: Line between the medial and lateral epicondyles
Contains; tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery (splits into radial and ulna), median nerve

Question 8

What are the positions of the radial and ulna nerve in relation to the cubital fossa?

Answer 8

Radial nerve: lies under the lip of brachioradialis, divides here into superficial and deep branches
Ulna nerve: not part of it, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle

Question 9

What do the two facets on the radial styloid process articulate with?

Answer 9

Scaphoid and lunate carpal bones

Question 10

What does the ulnar styloid process articulate with?

Answer 10

The articular cartilage

Question 11

What is a colles’ fracture?

Answer 11

Fracture and posterior displacement of the distal end of the radius

Question 12

What are the muscles involved in supination?

Answer 12

Biceps brachii

Supinator

Question 13

What are the muscles involved in pronation?

Answer 13

Pulls the distal end of the radius over the ulna
Pronator teres and quadratus
Anconeus (abduction of distal end of ulna)

Question 14

What are the attachments of pronator teres and pronator quadrates:

Answer 14

Pronator teres: medial epicondyle of humerus to lateral midshaft surface of radius
Pronator quadratus: Anterior surfaces of distal ends of radius and ulna

Question 15

Which muscles in the forearm are supplied by the ulnar nerve?

Answer 15

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 16

What are the four anterior muscles of the forearm and their origin?

Answer 16

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator teres

Question 17

Function of flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis

Answer 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Flexion and adduction of the wrist

Flexor carpi radialis: Flexion and abduction of the wrist

Question 18

Function of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 18

Flexes the metacarpopharyngeal joint and proximal inter pharyngeal joint of the hand (+wrist joint)

Question 19

What are the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 19

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

Question 20

What is the action of flexor policies longus and its innervation?

Answer 20

Flexion of the interpharyngeal and metacarpopharyngeal joint of the thumb
Median nerve innervation

Question 21

What does the radial artery supply in the forearm?

Answer 21

Provides blood supply to thumb and lateral side of index finger
Forms superficial palmar branch of the hand

Question 22

What branches arise from the ulnar artery in the forearm?

Answer 22

Ulnar recurrent artery
Common interosseous artery (splits into anterior and posterior)
Dorsal carpal branch and palmar carpal branch

Question 23

What does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 23

Anterior compartment: Flexor carpi radialis, flexor palmares longus, lateral half of flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres
Intermediate compartment: Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep compartment (anterior interosseous nerve): Lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policies longus, pronator quadratus
Palmar branch: thenar muscles and lateral two lumbricals

Question 24

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 24

Anterior compartment: Flexor carpi ulnaris, Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Cutaneous branches: palmar supplies medial half of palm
dorsal branch innervates medial 1 1/2 digits

Question 25

Describe what the deep and superficial branches of the radial nerve supply?

Answer 25

Deep: posterior compartment of forearm Superficial: sensory innervation to the posterolateral aspect of the hand

Question 26

What are the seven superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm and their common origin?

Answer 26

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris and anconeus Common origin: supraepicondylar ridge and lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 27

What is the function of brachioradialis?

Answer 27

Accessory flexor of the elbow joint when the arm is midpronated

Question 28

Which of the posterior compartment of the forearm muscles are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve?

Answer 28

Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 29

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm and their innervation?

Answer 29

``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Extensor indici Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve ```

Question 30

What are the two heads of origin of the supinator muscle?

Answer 30

Superficial (humeral): lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligament Deep (ulnar): supinator crest of the ulna

Question 31

What does the common interosseous artery supply?

Answer 31

Posterior interosseous artery: extensor muscles of the forearm Anterior interosseous artery: deep muscles of the flexors of the forearm They join together to form the dorsal carpal arch of the wrist

Question 32

How does drainage occur in the forearm?

Answer 32

Deep to superficial Venae commitantes drain into the brachial veins in the cubital fossa Superficial drainage is via the basilic and cephalic veins

Question 33

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 33

Three heads of triceps brachii Extensor carpi radialis longus Brachioradialis The deep branch: posterior muscles of the forearm