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Sam's Philosophy > Aristotle > Flashcards

Aristotle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary focus of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics?

A

The primary focus is on the nature of the good life and how to achieve it through virtue.

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2
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that happiness is the highest good.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to the moral virtues that Aristotle discusses.

A

Virtue

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4
Q

What is the function of humans according to Aristotle?

A

The function of humans is rational activity in accordance with virtue.

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5
Q

What does Aristotle mean by ‘the mean’ in ethical behavior?

A

The mean refers to the virtuous balance between excess and deficiency.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which virtue is associated with courage?

A

Bravery

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7
Q

What are the two types of virtues identified by Aristotle?

A

Moral virtues and intellectual virtues.

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8
Q

True or False: Aristotle argues that virtues can be taught.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the role of practical wisdom (phronesis) in Aristotle’s ethics?

A

Practical wisdom is essential for making sound moral decisions.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: According to Aristotle, the ultimate goal of human life is __________.

A

Eudaimonia

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11
Q

What is the relationship between virtue and pleasure in Nicomachean Ethics?

A

Virtue leads to true pleasure, which is aligned with the good life.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a moral virtue according to Aristotle?

A

Intelligence

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13
Q

What is the significance of habituation in developing virtues?

A

Habituation allows individuals to cultivate virtues through consistent practice.

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14
Q

True or False: Aristotle suggests that one can be virtuous without being happy.

A

False

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15
Q

What does Aristotle mean by ‘the good life’?

A

The good life is a life lived in accordance with virtue and reason.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The doctrine of the mean emphasizes finding the __________ between extremes.

A

Balance

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17
Q

What is the difference between moral and intellectual virtues?

A

Moral virtues pertain to character and behavior, while intellectual virtues pertain to the mind and reasoning.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes ‘justice’ in Aristotle’s ethics?

A

Giving each their due.

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19
Q

What does Aristotle argue is necessary for achieving eudaimonia?

A

Living a life of virtue and fulfilling one’s potential.

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20
Q

True or False: Aristotle considers external goods irrelevant to happiness.

A

False

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21
Q

What role does friendship play in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics?

A

Friendship is essential for a fulfilling life and is based on virtue.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle divides friendships into three types: __________, utility, and virtue.

A

Pleasure

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23
Q

What does Aristotle identify as the highest form of friendship?

A

Friendship based on virtue.

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: According to Aristotle, which is NOT a characteristic of a virtuous person?

A

Indifference to others’ well-being.

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25
Q

What is the significance of self-control in Aristotle’s ethical framework?

A

Self-control is necessary for practicing virtues and avoiding excess.

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26
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the ultimate goal of life.

A

False

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27
Q

What is the key to achieving moral virtue according to Aristotle?

A

Developing good habits through practice.

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28
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle believes that moral virtues are acquired through __________.

A

Practice

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29
Q

What does Aristotle mean by ‘theoretical wisdom’?

A

Theoretical wisdom is the understanding of fundamental truths and principles.

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30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a moral virtue?

A

Generosity

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31
Q

What is Aristotle’s view on moral responsibility?

A

Individuals are morally responsible for their actions when they act voluntarily.

32
Q

True or False: According to Aristotle, virtues are the result of nature alone.

A

False

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The concept of __________ is central to Aristotle’s understanding of ethical behavior.

A

Eudaimonia

34
Q

What does Aristotle suggest about the role of society in cultivating virtues?

A

Society plays a crucial role in shaping and encouraging virtuous behavior.

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor in achieving eudaimonia according to Aristotle?

A

Wealth alone

36
Q

What is the purpose of the Nicomachean Ethics?

A

To explore the nature of virtue and the path to a good life.

37
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that moral virtues can exist independently of rational thought.

A

False

38
Q

What is the primary subject of Aristotle’s Politics?

A

The organization and purpose of the city-state (polis).

39
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that humans are naturally political animals.

A

True.

40
Q

What are the three basic forms of government identified by Aristotle?

A

Monarchy, aristocracy, and polity.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle defines the city-state as a community that exists for the sake of _______.

A

the good life.

42
Q

Which form of government does Aristotle consider the best?

A

Polity.

43
Q

What is the term for government by the few, according to Aristotle?

A

Oligarchy.

44
Q

True or False: Aristotle advocates for a mixed government.

A

True.

45
Q

What is the main purpose of the state according to Aristotle?

A

To promote virtue and the common good.

46
Q

What distinguishes a true government from a corrupt one in Aristotle’s view?

A

Whether it rules for the common good or for the benefit of the rulers.

47
Q

What is the relationship between ethics and politics in Aristotle’s thought?

A

Ethics provides the foundation for political life.

48
Q

Fill in the blank: According to Aristotle, the best government is one that balances _______ and _______.

A

the interests of the rich and the poor.

49
Q

What does Aristotle mean by the term ‘virtue’?

A

A disposition to act in accordance with reason.

50
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that a large middle class is essential for political stability.

A

True.

51
Q

What role does education play in Aristotle’s vision of the state?

A

It is essential for cultivating virtuous citizens.

52
Q

What is the significance of the term ‘telos’ in Aristotle’s Politics?

A

It refers to the ultimate purpose or end of the city-state.

53
Q

Which government type does Aristotle associate with the rule of the best individuals?

A

Aristocracy.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle argues that the ideal state is one that promotes _______ among its citizens.

A

friendship.

55
Q

What is Aristotle’s view on the role of property in the state?

A

Private property encourages responsibility and initiative.

56
Q

True or False: Aristotle supports the idea of communal property for all citizens.

A

False.

57
Q

What does Aristotle mean by ‘the rule of law’?

A

Governance based on established laws rather than the whims of rulers.

58
Q

What is the principle of reciprocity in Aristotle’s political theory?

A

Mutual benefit and support among citizens.

59
Q

How does Aristotle classify constitutions?

A

According to who rules and for whom they rule.

60
Q

What is the difference between a ‘good’ and ‘bad’ monarchy according to Aristotle?

A

A good monarchy rules for the common good, while a bad monarchy rules for the monarch’s own benefit.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle describes the ideal state as one that fosters _______.

A

virtue.

62
Q

What are the ‘mixed’ constitutions Aristotle discusses?

A

Governments that combine elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.

63
Q

True or False: Aristotle claims that democracy is the worst form of government.

A

False; he sees it as a legitimate form but prone to corruption.

64
Q

What does Aristotle identify as the dangers of democracy?

A

Mob rule and the potential for tyranny of the majority.

65
Q

What is Aristotle’s stance on justice in politics?

A

Justice is about giving each individual their due based on merit.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle emphasizes the importance of _______ in achieving political stability.

A

the middle class.

67
Q

What does Aristotle believe is necessary for citizens to engage in politics?

A

A certain level of education and virtue.

68
Q

True or False: According to Aristotle, the best rulers are those who seek power for themselves.

A

False.

69
Q

In Aristotle’s view, what is the role of the citizen?

A

To participate in governance and contribute to the common good.

70
Q

What does Aristotle suggest about the impact of wealth on politics?

A

Wealth can lead to corruption and influence in governance.

71
Q

Fill in the blank: Aristotle believes that a government must be based on _______ to be legitimate.

A

the consent of the governed.

72
Q

What is the concept of ‘polity’ in Aristotle’s framework?

A

A constitutional government that serves the common interest.

73
Q

True or False: Aristotle considers the polis as the highest form of community.

A

True.

74
Q

What is the importance of ‘philia’ in Aristotle’s political theory?

A

It is the bond of friendship that underpins a stable society.

75
Q

How does Aristotle view the relationship between ethics and law?

A

Laws should reflect ethical principles to promote virtue.

76
Q

What does Aristotle say about the role of women in the state?

A

He believes women have a different but complementary role in society.

Sam's Philosophy (16 decks)

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