arguments based on ob (cosmo)

Question 1

what is the basis of the cosmological argument?

Answer 1

the universe cannot account for its own existence. Why do things exist at all? Why is there something rather than nothing?

Question 2

what did plato argue

Answer 2

everything must have been created by some cause.

Question 3

what did Aristotle argue

Answer 3

that behind the series of cause and effect in the world there must be an unmoved mover.

Question 4

of aquinas’ 5 ways, what were the different variants of cosmological?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

aquinas’ first three ways are based on way 2 assumptions?

Answer 5

1) the universe exists

2) there must be a reason

Question 6

what is Aquinas’s 1st way?

Answer 6

unmoved mover- everything which is in motion must be put in motion by something else

Question 7

quote for aquinas’ first way ?

Answer 7

“therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; an this everyone understands to be god”

Question 8

what was aquinas’ second way?

Answer 8

the uncaused causer- every effect has a cause, infinite regress is impossible, therefore there must be a first cause god

Question 9

when Aristotle came to causation he concluded cause works at 4 levels what where they.

Answer 9

• material cause
• formal cause
• final cause
• efficient cause

Question 10

quote for 2nd way?

Answer 10

“Therefore, it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name God”

Question 11

what was aquinas’ 3rd way?

Answer 11

contingency- The world consists of contingent beings = have a beginning and end, dependent on something else to exist. Everything in the physical world is contingent

Question 12

how are things contingent?

Answer 12

1) They depend on something having brought them into existence
2) Depend on outside factors for the continuation of their existence

Question 13

what did aquinas conclude for his third way?

Answer 13

• If we agree that everything in the world is contingent then we can agree that nothing would be here at all
• There would still be nothing unless there is some other being, capable of bringing other things into existence but being independent of everything or ‘necessary’. = GOD

Question 14

what was Leibniz argument?

Answer 14

the universe is better understood in terms of relationship of space and time that in terms of absolute facts and rules

Question 15

Leibniz quote

Answer 15

‘Why is there something rather than nothing’

Question 16

what priciple was Leibniz argument based off?

Answer 16

principle of sufficient reason

Question 17

what is the principle of sufficient reason?

Answer 17

if something exists, there must be a reason why that things exists
if a statement is true, there must be a reason why that statement is true
if something happens, there must be a reason why that thing happens

Question 18

what example did Leibniz use to support his idea?

Answer 18

an geometry book “and so with the world and with the books, however far back we might go into earlier and earlier states well never find in them a complete explanation for why there is a world at all.

Question 19

quote to support Leibniz?

Answer 19

“we can’t escape the ultimate and out-of-the-world reason for things, namely God.”