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organic chemistry > arenes > Flashcards

arenes Flashcards

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1
Q

Implication of pi electron cloud destabilisation

A
  1. Resonance stabilisation

2. Extra stability

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2
Q

Mechanism that arenes undergo

A

Electrophilic substitution

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3
Q

Reagent and conditions for benzene to form nitrobenzene

A

Reagent and condition: Concentrated HNO3, concentrated H2SO4 as Bronsted Lowry acid catalyst, maintained at 55 °C

Observations: Pale yellow oily liquid formed

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4
Q

Reagent and conditions for benzene to form bromobenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Br2(l), FeBr3 as Lewis acid catalyst, warm

Observations: Reddish-brown Br2(l) decolourises

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5
Q

Reagent and condition for benzene to form chlorobenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Cl2(g), FeCl3 as Lewis acid catalyst, warm

Observations: Greenish-yellow Cl2(g) decolourises

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6
Q

Reagent and conditions in Friedel-Crafts alkylation to form methylbenzene from benzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Chloroalkane, AlCl3 as Lewis acid catalyst, warm

Observations: White fumes of HCl

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7
Q

Reagent and conditions to form 2/4 - bromomethylbenzene from methylbenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Br2(l), FeBr3 as Lewis acid catalyst, room temperature and absence of UV

Observations: Reddish-brown Br2(l) decolourises.

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8
Q

Reagent and condition to form 2/4-chloromethylbenzene from methylbenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Cl2(l), FeCl3 as Lewis acid catalyst, room temperature and absence of UV

Observations: Greenish-yellow Cl2(g) decolourises

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9
Q

Reagent and condition to form 2/4-nitromethylbenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Concentrated HNO3, concentrated H2SO4 as Bronsted Lowry acid catalyst, maintained at 30 °C

Observations: Yellow oily liquid formed

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10
Q

Reagent and condition for Friedal-Crafts alkylation from methylbenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Chloroalkane, AlCl3 as Lewis acid catalyst, room temperature

Observations: White fumes of HCl

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11
Q

Reagent and conditions for free radical substitution as a side chain reaction of methylbenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Cl2(g), UV light or heat

Observations: Greenish-yellow Cl2 decolourises

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12
Q

Reagent and conditions for free radical substitution as a side chain reaction of methylbenzene

A

Reagent and conditions: Br2(g), UV light or heat

Observations: Reddish-brown Br2 decolourises

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13
Q

Reagent and conditions for side chain oxidation of methylbenzene to benzoic acid

A

Reagent and conditions: KMnO4(aq), dilute H2SO4, heat

Observations: Purple KMnO4 decolourises and white ppt of benzoic acid

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14
Q

Reagent and conditions for side-chain oxidation of methylbenzene to form sodium benzoate

A

Reagent and conditions: KMnO4 (aq), dilute NaOh, heat

Observations: Purple KMnO4 decolourises and brown precipitate of manganese dioxide is formed

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organic chemistry (8 decks)

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