Areas similarities and differences Flashcards
Social and cognitive
Similarity:
- use lab experiments (high control, replicability)
Difference:
- one lacks ecological validity, one doesn’t
- different sides to the nature/nurture debate (social nurture cognitive nature)
Social and individual differences
Similarity:
- both contribute to free will vs determinism debate
- both ethnocentric
- both unethical / socially sensitive
Difference:
- social can be generalised and individual can’t be
Social and developmental
Similarity:
- can both be socially sensitive / have ethical issues
Difference:
- contribute to different sides of the reductionism vs holism debate (sr/dh)
- different sides of the individual vs situational debate (ss/di)
- social has high ecological validity, developmental has low
Social and biological
Similarity:
- both use lab experiments (controlled, reliable, replicable)
- both lack ecological validity
- both useful - can put forward solutions to real world problems or create drug treatments/therapies
Difference:
- biological more scientific than social
Social and psychodynamic
Similarity:
- useful: used to solve real life problems, develop forms of psychological treatment such as psychoanalytic psychotherapy
- unethical
Difference:
Social and behaviourist
Similarity:
- both contribute to nurture side of the nature/nurture debate
Difference:
- social has high ecological validity, behaviourist lacks ecological validity
Cognitive and individual differences
Similarity:
- useful
- lack ecological validity
Difference:
- individual differences uses case studies and cognitive uses lab experiments
- different sides of the individual vs situational debate
Cognitive and developmental
Similarity:
- both contribute to nature vs nurture debate (cognitive: nature, developmental: mixture (ontogenesis))
- both useful
Difference:
- individual vs snapshot designs
- cognitive lacks validity due to reliance on self report and observation: cannot directly observe cognitive processes - developmental is highly valid due to longitudinal nature
Cognitive and biological
Similarity:
- both use lab experiments (controlled, replicable, reliable)
- both have low ecological validity
- both theoretically reductionist (highly controlled nature of research ignores role of environmental factors)
Difference:
- ethical
Cognitive and psychodynamic
Similarity:
- both lack validity
Difference:
- psychodynamic case studies are highly specific to the individual so cannot be generalised, however cognitive processes are consistent
Cognitive and behaviourist
Similarity:
- both lack ecological validity
Difference:
- cognitive is scientific and behaviourist isn’t