AREAS OF THE BRAIN

Question 1

Regions of the brain

Answer 1

Midbrain, Hindbrain, Forebrain

Question 2

Midbrain

Answer 2

Reticular formation

Question 3

Reticular formation

Answer 3

The reticular activating system (RAS) is a network of neurons that extends from the reticular formation to different parts of the brain and spinal cord (less active - sleepy, active - awake)

• Screens incoming sensory information
• Regulates arousal (levels of attention, sleep and consciousness)

Question 4

Hindbrain

Answer 4

Pons, medulla, cerebellum

Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

• Is a small bundle of nerve tissues

- Regulates sleep, arousal, helps to control breathing and some muscle movement

Question 6

Medulla

Answer 6

• Responsible for vital bodily functions that are essential for survival (breathing, swallowing, coughing, regulating heart rate etc)
• Damage to medulla can be fatal

Question 7

Cerebellum

Answer 7

Coordinates muscle movement, regulate posture and balance and also involved in memory and learning

Question 8

Forebrain

Answer 8

Hypothalamus, Thalamus , Cerebrum

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Helps to maintain homeostasis (produces hormones to do so)

Question 10

Thalamus

Answer 10

Sensory relay station - all incoming sensory information (except smell) is received in the thalamus which will direct that sensory information to the appropriate region
Eg: visual information → RAS → thalamus → visual cortex  
Directs attention (focus attention on important info and deemphasis less important info)

Question 11

Cerebrum

Answer 11

• Largest and most highly development part of the human brain
• The outer area of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex and is comprised of two hemispheres
• Encompasses about two thirds of the brain mass and lies over and around most of the structures in our brain

Question 12

Lobes of the brain (FPOT)

Answer 12

Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal tobe

Question 13

Frontal lobe

Answer 13

Primary motor cortex, Broca’s area

Question 14

Primary motor cortex

Answer 14

Initiates and controls voluntary bodily movements contralaterally

Question 15

Broca’s area

Answer 15

Speech production

- sounds like broken, speech is broken

Question 16

Parietal lobe

Answer 16

Primary somatosensory cortex
→ involved in spacial awareness

Pressure, pain, sPacial awareness

Question 17

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 17

Receives and processes sensory information from the skin and body for perception of bodily sensations, such as touch, pressure, pain, temperature
→ functions contralaterally (opposite sides of body to opposite side of the brain - if sensation on left hand with be on right parietal lobe)

Question 18

Occipital lobe

Answer 18

Primary visual cortex

Question 19

Primary visual cortex

Answer 19

Receives and processes visual information from the eyes

Question 20

Temporal lobe

Answer 20

Primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area

→ facial recognition, memory

Question 21

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 21

Receives and processes sounds from the ears for auditory perception

Question 22

Wernicke’s area

Answer 22

language comprehension, production of meaningful speech

Wernicke’s - long meaningless word, people with wernicke’s produce long meaningless sentences

Question 23

Hemispheric specialization

Answer 23

Information is transmitted between the hemispheres via a band of nerve tissue which connects them called the corpus callosum.

Question 24

Left hemisphere

Answer 24

• Logic → planning, problem solving, analytical
• Language → reading, writing, speaking
• Controls voluntary movement of the right side of the body

Question 25

Right hemisphere

Answer 25

• Recognition for faces
• Recognition of patterns
• aRtistic expression and appreciation
• Controls voluntary movement of the left side of the body