Areas of Practice Flashcards
What is Trip Distribution analysis?
Trip Distribution examines where people are going. A region or area is often divided into traffic zones. Trip distribution information generally provides information on how many trips are made between each zone and every other zone.
What is a traffic gravity model?
The gravity model can be used to provide trip estimates based on the proportional attractiveness of the zone (the “gravitational pull”) and inversely proportional to the trip length.
What is Design Hour Volume?
Design Hour Volume (DHV) is the capacity of the roadway to handle traffic.
What is an adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO)?
Adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO) allows local governments to deny or delay new developments if the existing government services (water and sewer, roads, schools, fire, and police) cannot support it.
What does substantial damage mean, in the context of hazard planning?
Substantial Damage means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost restoring the structure to its before damage condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value or replacement cost of the structure before the damage occurred.
What does substantial improvement mean, in the context of hazard planning?
Substantial Improvement is any reconstruction, rehabilitation addition, or other improvements of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the start of construction of the improvement.
What is the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (1988)?
This act constitutes the authority of the federal government, FEMA, to respond to a disaster. The Stafford Act outlines four primary components of a state hazard mitigation plan, outlined in section of 409 of the Act:
- An evaluation of the natural hazard in the designated area
- A description and analysis of the state and local hazard management policies, programs, and capabilities to mitigate the hazards in the area
- Hazard mitigation goals and objectives and proposed strategies, programs, and actions to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerability to hazards
- A method of implementing monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan; such evaluation is to occur at least on an annual basis to ensure that implementation occurs as planned, and ensure that the plan remains current
When was the first Earth Day?
The first Earth Day was April 22, 1970.
What are the 6 pollutants the Clean Air Act monitors?
Ozone Particulate Matter Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Lead
What’s the significance of the The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899?
Considered the oldest environmental law in the U.S., the Act prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the U.S. without Congressional approval.
What is Context-Sensitive Design?
Context-Sensitive Design (CSD) refers to roadway standards and development practices that are flexible and sensitive to community values.
What is the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000?
Requires state and local government to plan for natural and human induced disasters.
What is CERCLA?
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund bill). Identified Superfund sites and gave EPA authority and funding to respond to releases of hazardous pollutants.
Who administers permits under the Clean Water Act?
US Army Corps of Engineers
What are C.A.F.E standards?
Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (Clean Air Act), first enacted in 1975. Regulates how far vehicles must travel on a tank of gas.
When was the Clean Air Act last amended?
1990
What is an Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ)? What is a Joint Land Use Study (JLUS)?
Regulates compatible development in the military airport environment. JLUS is a cooperative effort to protect communities and address encroachment threats for development near military air installations.
What is R-value and what is the minimum value recommended for residential use?
A rating of thermal resistance. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation.A minimum R-value of 20 is recommended for residential use.
What were the three tenement acts in NY and what was their significance?
- Tenement House Act of 1867 - the first major housing code in the U.S.; required all rooms within tenements to have windows, but it did not require windows to open to the outside.
- Tenement House Act of 1879 required that windows open to outside air, which resulted in the dumbbell tenement housing type with open air shafts.
- Tenement House Law of 1901 outlawed dumbbell tenements. The City required inspection and permits for construction and alterations. It also required wide light and air areas between buildings, as well as toilets and running water in each apartment unit.
What’s the significance of the Fair Housing Act?
Titles VIII through IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 comprise the Fair Housing Act (FHA). This was an expansion of previous acts to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and since 1974, sex. Since 1988, the act protects people with disabilities and families with children.
What is urban homesteading?
Urban homesteading has been used by a number of cities to encourage residents to occupy and renovate vacant properties. HUD allows for federally owned properties to be sold to homesteaders.
What is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System?
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a phone survey to collect state-level data on the prevalence of behavioral risks among adults. For example, the survey asks about smoking and physical activity.
What are the stats of Clarence Perry’s neighborhood unit?
160 acres (the acreage of a ½ mile square)
¼ mile radius
density of 10 units per acre
population of 5,000.
In the context of land use regulation, what is the police power?
The power of the government to act in the interest of the public health, safety and welfare.
What’s the significance of the New York-New Jersey Port District (Port Authority)?
The Port Authority was created in 1921 to manage regional transportation including bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports. The Port Authority was unique at the time resulting in multimodal transportation management.
