ARDS Flashcards
List some clinical signs ARDS?
Tachypnoea Increase WOB Hyperventilation Added pulmonary sounds Cyanosis Sweating Deranged ABGs Abnormal CXR- diffuse bilateral infiltrates.
Define ARDS
Acute diffuse pulmonary infiltrate, refractory hypoxaemia, stiff lungs and respiratory distress following a recognised precipitating cause.
On PEEP 5+
Mild: 200-300 mmhg
Moderate: 100-200 mmhg
Severe: 100 mmhg
List the known direct and non direct physiological insults that precipitate ARDS.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Fat embolus Blast injury Burns Inhalation injures Drug reactions Sepsis Aspiration pneumonia Major trauma Pancreatitis Multiple blood transfusions
What are three basic stages of ARDS?
1) Early/ exudative stage
2) Prollferative stage
3) Fibrotic stage
Describe stage 1 of ARDS (early/ exudative stage)
Vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial injury> causes pulmonary capillary permeability> local inflammation happens> increased microvascular permeability and extreme neutrophil invasion.
Name some commonly recognised causes of ARDS
Shock, gastric aspiration, viral pneumonia, drug overdose, haemofiltration, pancreatitis, sepsis and trauma
Describe stage 2 (Proliferative stage) of ARDS
Answer to follow
Describe stage 3 if ARDS (fibrotic stage)
Answer to follow
