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ag-SAA-CO2 - AWS Associate Architect > Architecture Fundamentals > Flashcards

Architecture Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

LAMP means…

A

Linux
Apache
Mysql
PHP

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2
Q

MEAN means…

A

Mongo database
ExpressJs
AngularJs
NodeJs

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3
Q

Serverless, in AWS context means…

A

Using API gateway and Lambda to replace logic tiers.

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4
Q

LAMP and MEAN are logic tiers. True or false?

A

True.

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5
Q

Explain Microservices

A

Microservices mean each part of an application is decoupled and independently deployed.

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6
Q

The three tiers that typically make up the multi tier architecture are…

A

Presentation Tier
Logic Tier
Data Tier

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7
Q

Each AZ is its own distinct data center. True or false?

A

True.

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8
Q

What’s a monolithic application?

A

The opposite of a decoupled application

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9
Q

Define decoupled architecture

A

Layered and independent.

All components are independent of each other.

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10
Q

Define event driven architecture

A

Architecture driven by events inside the application

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11
Q

Event driven architecture. Explain the producer.

A

The element that triggers an even, and pushes it to a router.

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12
Q

Event driven architecture. Explain The Router

A

Takes required action as a result of an event.

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13
Q

Event driven architecture. Explain the consumer

A

Processes items on the queue.

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14
Q

Explain none relational databases.

A

Databases without a table schemer, that support none structured data.

Simpler than a relational database.

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15
Q

Why might you take manual backups of a database?

A

To protect against data corruption
Long term regulatory compliance
Testing

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16
Q

What does HA mean?

A

High Availabilty

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17
Q

What does SAML mean?

A

Security assertion markup language

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18
Q

What are IAM roles?

A

They allow users and other AWS services to temporarily have permission to access other resources.

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19
Q

What are the four types of IAM roles?

A

AWS Service Role
AWS Service Linked Role
Role for cross account access
Role for identity provider access

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20
Q

AWS IAM has service roles can have their permissions modified?

A

True

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21
Q

AWS IAM service linked role. Can have it’s permissions modified?

A

False

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22
Q

IAM role for cross account access. Explain trusting account and trusted account.

A

The trusting account contains the resources, which users in the trusted account want to access.

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23
Q

For the IAM role type “rules for identity provider access” there are three types available. What are they?

A

Grant access for web identify providers
Grant single sign on to SAML providers
Grant API access to SAML providers

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24
Q

ARN means…

A

Amazon Resource Name

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25
API means.
Application Programming Interface.
26
Cipher Text is
Encrypted strings
27
SSE means
Server side encryption
28
UTC means
Universal Time Co-Ordinated
29
What is envelope encryption?
The process of having one key encrypt another.
30
What key type, uses a private and a public key?
Assymetric
31
What is block storage?
Data is stored in chunks known as blocks. And blocks are stored on a volume.
32
Is block storage low or Hugh latency?
Low
33
What is file storage?
Data is stored as separate files with a series of directories in a file system.
34
Utility based metering is
The concept that you pay for the cloud resources you use, and not resource ownership.
35
High powered gaming would require what kind of servers?
Ones with high GPu
36
What does HDD mean?
Hard disk drive
37
In terms of speed. The lower the latency the ..... it is.
Faster
38
In terms of speed. The higher the latency the ..... it is.
Slower
39
Block stores, allow you to access single bytes in a file?
True
40
In decouple architecture. If you need a response from a service you should use a .... if you don’t. You should use a ....
Load balancer | Queue
41
Define Fault Tolerance
Fault tolerant means your environment will operate correctly during a fault. The end user remains in effected.
42
In a HA setup. Might a user be effected by an outage?
Yes. If the user is not to be effected by an outage. You need a fault tolerant setup.
43
HA vs Fault Tolerant
In high availability a user may be effected by an outage. In fault tolerance, they will not.
44
Expect everything to fail and design accordingly. Is this an important principle?
Yes
45
If you need HA. Is a single AZ solution ever appropriate?
No
46
If you need HA. Are self managed services the best option, or AWS fully managed services?
AWS fully managed.
47
Define multi tier architecture?
Architecture that is made up of separate, isolated tiers.
48
What does blast radius mean?
The reach of faulty config failure / software failure / hack
49
Define Random Access
The process of transferring information to or from memory in which every memory location can be accessed directly rather than being accessed in a fixed sequence.
50
Define Sequential Access
Where data must be read in the order it is stored
51
Random access is sometimes known as
Direct access
52
Are traditional HDDs random or sequential access?
Sequential
53
Are SSDs random or sequential access
Random
54
Scaling up and down. Refers to ...... scaling.
Vertical
55
Scaling in and out refers to ...... scaling
Horizontal
56
Define operational excellence
The ability to run and monitor systems and deliver business value, and continually improve supporting process and procedure.
57
The three core principles of operational excellence
Prepare Operate Evolve
58
Any unused resource is a waste of money. True or false.
True
59
What is an analytical function in regards to SQL
An analytical function computes values over a group of rows and returns a single result for each row.
60
Active-active and active-passive are two types of...
High availability clustering configurations.
61
Explain Active Active HA clustering
You have two identical servers running and traffic is split between them by a load balancer.
62
Explain active passive HA clustering.
You have an active server, and a passive server behind the load balancer. The passive one must be made active in the event of an issue.
63
When might you be eligible for a SLA service credit from AWS?
When availability is less then 99.95% in a region you use, during a billing period.
64
You want to save money on your development and test environments. Name one easy way to do this.
Switch them off when you are not using them.
65
When is it worth considering over provisioning your resources a little?
When the time to adjust the resources is greater than the saving of running the resources slightly over.
66
What is right sizing?
Using the lowest cost resource that still meets the technical requirement.
67
The key services that support the “right sizing” concept in AWS are
Cloudwatch | Cloudwatch Logs
68
What is data sovereignty?
The idea that data is subject to laws and governance or the country from which is is collected / resides.
69
Pricing in different AWS regions can vary. Because...
Each region operates within local market conditions.
70
True or false. The exact same infrastructure in one region, can be cheaper than the duplicate setup in another region?
True
71
You need to workout if there are cost savings in moving your architecture to another region. What service can help with his?
AWS simple monthly calculator
72
Explain a “buffer” approach to supply and demand of computer power.
You use a queue to accept units of work from a producer. You then process the units of work when you have capacity.
73
You need to decouple the throughput rate of your producers, from that of the consumers. Try a ... based approach.
Buffer
74
Define idempotence.
An application logic pattern that allows for items in a queue to be processed multiple times. But if they have been processed more than once, that there is no effect on downstream resources.
75
You want a technical account manager from AWS to help you optimise your account. What kind of support plan do you need?
Enterprise.
76
As AWS releases need services and features. It is best practise to review existing architectural decisions to ensure you are cost effective. This is know as staying .....
Evergreen
77
It is best practise to reduce or eliminate reliance on long term credentials. True or false?
True
78
Describe the “defence in depth” approach
A strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.
79
Do AWS consider password rotation and password policies best practise?
Yes
80
Describe the principle of least privledge
It ensure authenticated users are only permitted to perform the most minimal set of functions nesscary to fulfill a specific task. While balancing usability and efficiency.
81
Can you PEN test all AWS services without permission?
No. You can pen test some services without permission.
82
The five pillars of the well architecture framework are...
``` Operational Excellence Security Reliability Performance Efficiency Cost optimisation ```
83
What does FPGA stand for?
Field Programmable Gayeway Arrays
84
When would you use an FPGA?
For your most demanding workloads
85
Are burstable instances intended for workfloads that regularly use full CPU capacity?
No.
86
..... abstract the execution environment from the code you to to execute.
Functions
87
From a latency perspective. If your data is only accessed by one instance. Then you should consider using .....
Block storage
88
From a throughput perspective. What storage service supports highly parallelised loads?
EFS
89
As a rule of thumb. Use what type of storage for throughput intensive workloads.
HDD
90
As a rule of thumb. Use what kind of storage for boot volumes, databases and transactional workloads.
SSD
91
What does MPP mean?
Massively Parallel Processing
92
What is Snowflake?
Data warehousing. It can be ran on AWS. But is not a managed service.
93
Use .... when you need SQL operations that will scale
Redshift
94
For data heavy applications. The major bottle neck in latency is then .... is transferred to computing applications.
Data.
95
It is best practise to execute application code as close to the .... as possible.
Data.
96
Define infrastructure as code?
Using services like Route 53 that allow you to document your infrastructure as code. And bring it under version control.
97
Define benchmarking
Using synthetic tests to provide you with data on how components perform.
98
Define load testing.
Using your actual workload so you can see how your whole solution performs in a prod environment.
99
Monitoring solutions generally fall into two categories. They are.
Active monitoring | Passive monitoring.
100
Define active monitoring
Simulating user activity in scripted user journeys across critical paths in your product.
101
Define passive monitoring.
Collecting performance data from the web browser.
102
Monitoring in AWS consists of five distinct phases. They are...
``` Generation Aggregation Real time processing Storage Analytics ```
103
The base 10.x.x.x address space means you have how many IP addresses?
16,000+
104
TTR means.
Time to recovery
105
What does ROC mean
Recovery Oriented Computing

ag-SAA-CO2 - AWS Associate Architect (47 decks)

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