Architecture

Question 1

What is CISC Microprocessor

Answer 1

CISC stands for complex instruction set computer.

Question 2

Developed by?

Answer 2

developed by Intel.

Question 3

What is CISC, AND what is it made up of, are number of instructions more or less?

Answer 3

CISC based computer will have shorter programs which are made up of symbolic machine language. The number of instructions on a CISC processor is more.

Question 4

What is RISC Microprocessor?

Answer 4

RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer architecture.

Question 5

The properties of

RISC design are :

Answer 5

Optimise hence reduced set of instruction

(i) A large number of general purpose registers and use of computers to optimize register usage.
(ii) A limited & simple instruction set.
(iii) An emphasis on optimizing the instruction pyre line.
(iv) The purpose of using RISC architecture is to maximize speed by reducing clock cycles per instruction

Question 6

What are the different types of Memory?

Answer 6

The memory in a computer is made up of semi-conductions. Semi-conduction
memories are of two types :
(1) RAM : Random Access Memory
(2) ROM : Read Only Memory

Question 7

RAM what is it? Other name?

Answer 7

The Read and write (R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM.

The RAM is a volatile memory, it means information written to it can be accessed as long as power is on.

Question 8

two basic types of RAM :

Answer 8

(i) Static RAM

(ii) Dynamic Ram

Question 9

S-RAM .

Retains information till?
Cost, power consumption and speed is?

Answer 9

retains stored information only as long as the power supply is on.

Static RAM‟s are costlier and consume more power.

They have higher speed than D-RAMs. They store information in Hip-Hope.

Question 10

D ram?
Stores for? Cost?
How it works?

Answer 10

D-RAM loses its stored information in a very short time (for milli sec.) even when power supply is on.

D-RAM‟s are cheaper & lower.

In a DRAM, a binary static is stored on the gate to source stray capacitor of a transfer the presence of charge on the stray capacitor shows 1 & absence 0.

Question 11

Some other RAMS are

Answer 11

EDO (Extended Data Output) RAM

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAMS), SGRAMs (Synchronous Graphic RAMs) : RAM chips use the same clock rate as CPU uses. They transfer data when the CPU expects them to be ready.

DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate – SDRAM) : This RAM transfers data on both edges of the clock. Therefore the transfer rate of the data becomes doubles.

Question 12

ROM

Answer 12

Read only memory: Its non volatile memory,

It‟s used for the permanent storage of information.

also posses random access property.

Question 13

following types of ROMs are

Answer 13

PROM

EPROM

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)

Question 14

Prom

Answer 14

It‟s programmable ROM. Its contents are decided by the user. The user can store permanent programs, data etc in a PROM. The data is fed into it using a PROM programs.

Question 15

EPROM

Answer 15

EPROM is an erasable PROM.

EPROM‟s can be erased by exposing it to UV light for about 20 min.

EPROM‟s are cheap and reliable

Question 16

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM) :

Answer 16

chip can be erased & reprogrammed on the board easily byte by byte.

It can be erased with in a few milliseconds. There is a limit on the number of times the EEPROM‟s can be reprogrammed, i.e.; usually around 10,000 times.

Question 17

Flash Memory

Answer 17

electrically erasable & programmable permanent type memory. It uses one transistor memory all resulting in high packing density, low power consumption, lower cost & higher reliability.
It‟s used in all power, digital cameras, MP3 players etc.

Question 18

Cache Memory

Answer 18

It is a very high-speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU.

It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory

Example: Registers

Question 19

Virtual Memory

Answer 19

Virtual memory permits software to use additional memory by utilizing the hard disk drive (HDD) as temporary storage.

Question 20

Semiconductor Memory

Optical Memory

Magnetic Memory

Flash Memory

Answer 20

RAM, ROM

CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD

Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Floppy Disk Drive(FDD)

Pen drive, Memory card (EEPROM Technology devices)