Architecture Flashcards
What is CISC Microprocessor
CISC stands for complex instruction set computer.
Developed by?
developed by Intel.
What is CISC, AND what is it made up of, are number of instructions more or less?
CISC based computer will have shorter programs which are made up of symbolic machine language. The number of instructions on a CISC processor is more.
What is RISC Microprocessor?
RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer architecture.
The properties of
RISC design are :
Optimise hence reduced set of instruction
(i) A large number of general purpose registers and use of computers to optimize register usage.
(ii) A limited & simple instruction set.
(iii) An emphasis on optimizing the instruction pyre line.
(iv) The purpose of using RISC architecture is to maximize speed by reducing clock cycles per instruction
What are the different types of Memory?
The memory in a computer is made up of semi-conductions. Semi-conduction
memories are of two types :
(1) RAM : Random Access Memory
(2) ROM : Read Only Memory
RAM what is it? Other name?
The Read and write (R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM.
The RAM is a volatile memory, it means information written to it can be accessed as long as power is on.
two basic types of RAM :
(i) Static RAM
(ii) Dynamic Ram
S-RAM .
Retains information till?
Cost, power consumption and speed is?
retains stored information only as long as the power supply is on.
Static RAM‟s are costlier and consume more power.
They have higher speed than D-RAMs. They store information in Hip-Hope.
D ram?
Stores for? Cost?
How it works?
D-RAM loses its stored information in a very short time (for milli sec.) even when power supply is on.
D-RAM‟s are cheaper & lower.
In a DRAM, a binary static is stored on the gate to source stray capacitor of a transfer the presence of charge on the stray capacitor shows 1 & absence 0.
Some other RAMS are
EDO (Extended Data Output) RAM
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAMS), SGRAMs (Synchronous Graphic RAMs) : RAM chips use the same clock rate as CPU uses. They transfer data when the CPU expects them to be ready.
DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate – SDRAM) : This RAM transfers data on both edges of the clock. Therefore the transfer rate of the data becomes doubles.
ROM
Read only memory: Its non volatile memory,
It‟s used for the permanent storage of information.
also posses random access property.
following types of ROMs are
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)
Prom
It‟s programmable ROM. Its contents are decided by the user. The user can store permanent programs, data etc in a PROM. The data is fed into it using a PROM programs.
EPROM
EPROM is an erasable PROM.
EPROM‟s can be erased by exposing it to UV light for about 20 min.
EPROM‟s are cheap and reliable
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM) :
chip can be erased & reprogrammed on the board easily byte by byte.
It can be erased with in a few milliseconds. There is a limit on the number of times the EEPROM‟s can be reprogrammed, i.e.; usually around 10,000 times.
Flash Memory
electrically erasable & programmable permanent type memory. It uses one transistor memory all resulting in high packing density, low power consumption, lower cost & higher reliability.
It‟s used in all power, digital cameras, MP3 players etc.
Cache Memory
It is a very high-speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU.
It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory
Example: Registers
Virtual Memory
Virtual memory permits software to use additional memory by utilizing the hard disk drive (HDD) as temporary storage.
Semiconductor Memory
Optical Memory
Magnetic Memory
Flash Memory
RAM, ROM
CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD
Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Floppy Disk Drive(FDD)
Pen drive, Memory card (EEPROM Technology devices)
