Arabs

Question 1

Islamic medicine is a combination of ___________, _____________, and ____________.

Answer 1

1) Greek medicine
2) medical writings in Talmud
3) astrological teachings from Egypt

Question 2

These basic chemical processes were discovered

Answer 2

1) distillation
2) crystallization
3) sublimation

Question 3

Origin of the word, “chemistry”

Answer 3

derived from “Al kimyaa” which was from the Chinese “chin/kim”

“chin” - process where base metal is turned into gold

Question 4

Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople

Answer 4

• founded the Nestorian sect of Christians; heretic
• fled to Edessa where a school of medicine was founded, and then to Gundeshapur (city in Persia), which became a medical center for 2 centuries
• translated Greek and Latin texts into Arabic

Question 5

Husain ibn-Ishaq

Answer 5

• most prominent Nestorian physician

- wrote “Alteration of the Eye” - earliest Arabic text on opthalmology

Question 6

Isaac Judaeus

Answer 6

• Nestorian physician whose writings on diet, fevers, and drugs were in great demand til 17th century
• wrote first book entirely devoted to dietetics

Question 7

Rhazes

Answer 7

• Persian Arabic physician
• first to identify smallpox from measles
• suggested blood as the cause of infectious diseases
• Continent of Medicine (med encyclopedia)
• Al Hawi (comprehensive book)
• De variolis et morbilis (A Treatise on Smallpox and Measles)
• followed Hippocratic methods and exposed quackery

Question 8

Royal Book

Answer 8

• collection of contemporary medical knowledge

- authored by HALY ABBAS

Question 9

Albucasis / Abul Kasim

Answer 9

• only Arabian specialist in surgery
• treatise was one of the earliest known illustrated books on surgery
• surgical tools included forceps and dental tools
• first to describe Hemophilia

Question 10

Avicenna / Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina

Answer 10

• known as “Prince of Physicians”
• reconciled dogmas of Galen and Aristotle
• principal work: Al qanum fi’l-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine)

Question 11

Avenzoar of Seville

Answer 11

• challenged writings of Galen
• medieval fetish: benzoar stone
• diagnosed cancer of the stomach
• first to use nutrient enemas
• described the parasite that caused scabies

Question 12

Averroes

Answer 12

• combined philosphy and medicine
• greatest commentator on Aristotle
• student of Avenzoar of Seville

Question 13

Maimonides

Answer 13

• popular works on diet, hygiene, toxicology
• more recognized as philosopher than Christian
• period marked the end of tolerance and greatness of Arabian civilization

Question 14

Al Quarashi / Ibn as-Nafis

Answer 14

• commentaries on writings of Hippocrates

- indicated pulmonary transit of blood from right to left ventricle via the lungs

Question 15

Achievements of Arab Medicine

Answer 15

• licensure exams
• excelled in ophthalmology and public hygiene
• established several hospitals

Question 16

Greatest hospitals of the Islamic civilization from (1160-1276)

Answer 16

• hospital at Damascus

- Al Mansur hospital in Cairo

Question 17

First hospital to emphasize science, teaching and social service; had separate wards for women, children, and convalescents; had a library and out-patient clinics

Answer 17

Al Mansur hospital (Cairo)