Aquatic Therapy (Ex 2 Material)

Question 1

What is aquatic exercise?

Answer 1

any form of water based exercise
- exercises performed in water in multi-depth immersion pools or tanks

Question 2

What activities can be performed in aquatic exercise?

Answer 2

• stretching
• strengthening
• joint mobilization
• balance
• gait
• endurance training

Question 3

What are the 8 properties of water and immersion?

Answer 3

• buoyancy
• hydrostatic pressure
• viscosity
• surface tension
• hydrodynamics
• thermodynamics
• density
• center of buoyancy

Question 4

What is buoyancy?

Answer 4

upward force that works opposite to gravity

Question 5

What is the clinical significance to buoyancy?

Answer 5

• reduces body weight
• provides resistance

Question 6

What is the percentage of BW off-loaded with increasing immersion depth at the neck?

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

What is the percentage of BW off-loaded with increasing immersion depth at the naval?

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

What is the percentage of BW off-loaded with increasing immersion depth at the shin?

Answer 8

15%

Question 9

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 9

pressure exerted by the water on the immersed object

Question 10

What is the clinical significance of hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 10

• assist venous return (assists cardiac function)
• respiratory training
• sensory input

Question 11

What is viscosity?

Answer 11

magnitude of internal friction of a fluid during motion
- moving your hand across the surface of water in a pool v.s. doing it underwater

Question 12

What is the clinical significance of viscosity?

Answer 12

• provides resistance
• increase speed –> increased resistance
• equipment to increase surface area increases resistance

Question 13

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 13

water is an efficent conductor and transfers heat 25x faster than air

Question 14

What is the clinical significance of thermodynamics?

Answer 14

• good and rapid means of heating and cooling the body
• changes in body temp happen more rapid

Question 15

What are the goals and indications for aquatic exercise?

Answer 15

• facilitate ROM, WB, resistance training, and CV exercises
• enhance delivery of manual therapy techniques
• facilitate balance and walking
• improve strength
• provide 3-D patient access
• minimize ROI/reinjury
• relieve pain and muscle spasm

Question 16

What are precautions for aquatic exercise?

Answer 16

• fear of water
• neurological disorders
• seizure disorders
• respiratory disorders
• cardiac dysfunction
• small, open wounds & Lines (Cover with waterproof dressing)
• colostomy
• bladder and bowel disorders
• menstruation and vaginal bleeding

Question 17

What are contraindications for aquatic exercise?

Answer 17

• cardiac failure and unstable angina
• severe respiratory dysfunction
• danger of bleeding or hemorrhage
• severe kidney disease (unable to adjust to fluid loss)
• water and airborne infections or diseases
• some dermatological conditions and skin infections
• contagious diseases

Question 18

What is temperature regulation for aquatic exercise?

Answer 18

patients perceive small changes in water better than air
- over time, water penetrates to deeper tissue

Question 19

True or False:
HR and Q increase as water temp decreases

Answer 19

False, HR and Q decrease

Question 20

Core temps drop with temps below ___ degrees C (77F)

Answer 20

25 degrees

Question 21

Temps higher than 37 dgs C (98.6F) may prohibit ________ ________

Answer 21

prolonged exercise

Question 22

What are the water temp regulations for the following:
- strengthening/gait/flexibility
- acute pain, muscle spasm
- aerobic conditioning
- intense aerobic conditioning
- COPD
- congestive heart failure, Parkinson’s, Fibromyalgia
- MS
- arthiritis

Answer 22

• strengthening/gait/flexibility = 78.8-95 F
• acute pain, muscle spasm = 91.4 F
• aerobic conditioning = 78.8-82.4 F
• intense aerobic conditioning = 71.6-78.8 F
• COPD = 93.2 F
• congestive <3 failure, Parkinson’s, Fibromyalgia = 89.6 F
• MS = 78.8-86 F
• arthritis = 92.3-95.9 F

Question 23

What are the two types of pools for aquatic exercise?

Answer 23

• traditional therapeutic pools
• individual patient pools

Question 24

What are some equipment for aquatic exercise?

Answer 24

• collars, rings, belts, and vests
• swim bars
• gloves, hand paddles, and hydro-tone balls
• fins and hydro-tone boots
• kick boards
• weights
• aquatic shoes and goggles
• underwater treadmill

Question 25

What is some pool care and safety?

Answer 25

- avoid pseudomonas aeruginosa - cleaning biweekly - chlorine and pH level tests (chlo 2x a day, pH 1x a day) - walking surfaces slip-resistant - safety rules and regulations posted - life preservers readily avalible - CPR-certified staff present at all times - emergency action plan in place

Question 26

For stretching exercises, what are some manual stretching techniques?

Answer 26

- therapist position - patient position (buoyancy assisted BA seated or upright) (buoyancy supported BS supine) - hand placement - direction of movement

Question 27

For stretching exercises, what are some spine stretching techniques?

Answer 27

- cervical spine: flexion - cervical spine: lateral flexion - thoracic and lumbar spine: lateral flexion/side bending

Question 28

For stretching exercises, what are some shoulder stretching techniques?

Answer 28

- shoulder flex - shoulder exten - shoulder ext rot - shoulder int rot

Question 29

For stretching exercises, what are some hip stretching techniques?

Answer 29

- hip exten - hip ext rot - hip int rot

Question 30

For stretching exercises, what are some knee stretching techniques?

Answer 30

- knee exten with patient on steps - knee flex with patient on steps - knee flex with patient supine - hamstring stretch

Question 31

For stretching exercises, what are some self-stretching with aquatic equipment techniques?

Answer 31

- shoulder flex and abduction - hip flexion - knee exten - knee flex

Question 32

For stretching exercises, what are some manual resistance exercises?

Answer 32

- therapist position - patient position (buoyancy supported BS supine) - hand placement - direction of movement

Question 33

For stretching exercises, what are some UE manual resistance techniques?

Answer 33

- shoulder flex/ext - shoulder abduct - shoulder int/ext rot - unilateral diagnonal pattern D1 and D2 - bilateral diagonal pattern D2

Question 34

For stretching exercises, what are some LE manual resistance techniques?

Answer 34

- hip add/ab - hip flex with knee flex - hip int/ext rot - knee ext - ankle dorsi and plantar - ankle inversion/eversion

Question 35

For stretching exercises, what are some dynamic trunk stabilization?

Answer 35

- frontal plane - multidirectional

Question 36

For stretching exercises, what are some independent strengthening exercises?

Answer 36

- extremity-strengthening exercises - lumbar spine strengthening - trunk-strengthening (standing, semi-reclined, supine, prone, deep-water)

Question 37

What are some treatment interventions for aerobic conditioning?

Answer 37

- deep-water walking/running - mid-water jogging/running (immersed treadmill running) - immersed equipment - swimming strokes

Question 38

What are the 2 physiological responses to deep-water walking/running?

Answer 38

1. cardiovascular response 2. training effect

Question 39

How do you present proper form for deep-water running?

Answer 39

1. instruction for beginners 2. accommodating specific patient populations

Question 40

How do you measure the intensity of exercise for aerobic conditioning in aquatic exercise?

Answer 40

1. RPE 2. HR

Question 41

What is the Alter G?

Answer 41

Anti-gravity treadmill