Aquatic Resource / Coastal Management

Question 1

Define Latitude

Answer 1

The measurement of distance north or south of the equator

Question 2

Define Longitude

Answer 2

The measurement of east or west of the prime meridian (line of 0 degrees longitude = starting point to measure east andwest around the earth)

Question 3

Air pressure

Answer 3

The force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to earth

Question 4

Trade winds

Answer 4

winds that reliably blow east to west, found just north and south of the equator

Question 5

Ocean current

Answer 5

the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind and water density

Question 6

Coriolis effect

Answer 6

the pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around the earth (e.g. hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere spin in a counterclockwise direction, while hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere spin in a clockwise direction)

Question 7

Resource potential of the ocean (?)

Answer 7

provides food, fuel, renewable energy, minerals, sand, gravel, also tourism

Question 8

Acidification

Answer 8

a decrease in the alkalinity/pH ofoceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, released by burning fossil fuels

Question 9

Dead zones

Answer 9

low-oxyygen (hypoxic) areas in the world’s oceans and lakes

Question 10

Overfishing

Answer 10

catching too many fish at once, so the breeding population becomes too depleted to recover

Question 11

Marine debris

Answer 11

human-created waste that has deliberately or accidentally been releasedin a sea or ocean

Question 12

Fishery

Answer 12

the taking of one or more particaular species of fish or shellfish with particular gear in a particular geographic area

Question 13

Bycatch

Answer 13

the incidental capture of non-target species such as dolphins, marine turtles, and seabirds

Question 14

Sustainability

Answer 14

the practire of using natural resources responsibly, so they can suppport both present and future generations

Question 15

Erosion (noun)

Answer 15

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away by wind, rain or sea (i.e. weathering, glaciation)

Question 16

To erode (verb)

Answer 16

the verb from “erosion”, to rub or be rubbed away gradually by the wind, sea or rainq

Question 17

Hydraulic action (noun)

Answer 17

A type of coastal erosion due to the power of the waves as they smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the rock and causes the rock to break apart.

Question 18

Attrition (noun)

Answer 18

A type of coastal erosion. This is when rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded.

Question 19

abrasion (noun)

Answer 19

A type of coastal erosion. This is when pebbles (small stones) grind along a rock platform, much like sandpaper. Over time the rock becomes smooth.

Question 20

corrosion / solution (noun)

Answer 20

A type of coastal erosion. This is when salts and acids in the sea water dissolve certain types of rocks.

Question 21

headland (noun)

Answer 21

an area of land that sticks out from the coast into the sea

Question 22

bay (noun)

Answer 22

a part of the coast where the land curves in so that the sea is surrounded by land on three sides

Question 23

cliff (noun)

Answer 23

a large area of rock or a mountain with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or a river

Question 24

constructive beach (noun phrase)

Answer 24

Usually a flat or gentle sloping, wide beach. This beach is affected by constructive waves which bring sediments to build up the beach. When the water flows back, it doesn’t take the sediment with it.

Question 25

destructive beach (noun phrase)

Answer 25

Usually a steep, narrow beach. This beach is affected by destructive waves. When the water from the waves flows back to sea it takes the sediment from the beach with it.

Question 26

crack (noun)

Answer 26

a very narrow space between two rocks

Question 27

cave (noun)

Answer 27

(in this unit:) a large hole in the side of a cliff

Question 28

arch (noun)

Answer 28

a natural rock formation in the shape of a U upside down.

Question 29

stack (noun)

Answer 29

a land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion

Question 30

stump (noun)

Answer 30

When a stack (a tall column of rock) is eroded so much that the structure is weakened and it collapses to form a stump.

Question 31

Coastal deposition (noun)

Answer 31

The sea transports materials along the coast with waves. Deposition takes place when the sea loses energy, it drops (or deposits) the sand, rock particles and pebbles it has been carrying.

Question 32

sediment (noun)

Answer 32

sand, stones, mud, etc. carried by water or wind and left, for example, on the bottom of a lake, river, etc.

Question 33

Longshore drift (noun)

Answer 33

When eroded material in the sea is carried along the beach in a zig zag course.

Question 34

spit (noun)

Answer 34

a long thin piece of land that sticks out into the sea/ocean/a lake

Question 35

marsh (noun)

Answer 35

an area of low flat ground that is always wet and soft

Question 36

prevailing wind direction (noun phrase)

Answer 36

the most common wind direction