Aquaculture Flashcards
CLSU - Part 2
fishery operation of all of forms of raising and culturing fish and other fishery species in fresh, brackish, and marine water areas
Aquaculture
use of an aquaculture organism to make a product or run a process.
aquaculture biotechnology
a multi-disciplinary field of engineering that aims to solve technical problems associated with farming aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates, and algae.
aquaculture engineering
the farming facility used in the culture or propagation of aquatic species including fish, mollusk, crustaceans and aquatic plants for purposes of rearing and culturing to enhance production
aquafarm
and artificial enclosure within a boy of water for culturing fish, enclosed with wooden material, screen, or nylon netting to prevent escape of fish
fish pen
an enclosure which is either stationary or floating made up of nets or screens sewn or fastened together and installed in the water with opening at the surface or covered and held in place by wooden/ bamboo posts or various types of anchors and floats
fish cage
is a land-based facility enclosed with earthen or stone material to impound water for growing
fishpond
refers to mixed seawater and freshwater and salinity varies with the tide ex: estuaries, mangroves and mouth of rivers
brackishwater
fish of any particular species which a re raised for reproduction purposes
brood stock
refers to all kinds of harvesting of naturally occurring living resources in both marine and freshwater environment
capture fisher
the catching of fish with the use of fishing boats with a capacity of more than 3 gross tons for trade, business or profit
commercial fishing
artificial holding areas used to rear fish farm stocks
culture tanks
waters beyond municipal waters marked by coordinated drawn from two points on the seaward border extending to EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ)
commercial water
artificial holding areas used to rear fish farm stocks
culture tanks
the unprocessed value excluding the costs of packaging or transport of the adequate product to its first point of sale
farm gate value
development stage of fish following the fry stage and continuing into the first three to four months of life. young fish larger than fry but not yet an adult
fingerling
a term used to distinguish true fish, having fins and gills, from shellfish, crayfish, jelly fish
finfish
locations used to grow populations of aquatic organisms, primarily fish
fish farm
commercially processed food source used in fish farming as a source of protein for the fish stock
fish meal
the breeding and rearing of fish for a variety of reasons
fish husbandry
a description of the number of fish stock to die in a specific amount of time
fish kill
refers to people who are directly or personally and physically engaged in catching and/or culturing and processing fishery and/or aquatic resources
fisherfolk
refers to a classification of workers who catch, breed, and raise fish and cultivate other forms of aquatic life for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets
fishermen
refers to all aquatic flora and fauna, including but not restricted to fish, algae, coelenterates, mollusks, etc
fishery species
a type of watercraft, such as motorized/non-motorized banca, sailboat, motorboat, etc used for fishing purposes
fishing boat
is a collective variable pertaining to manpower, machine power, and technology employed in harvesting fishery resources
fishing efforts
is any instrument or device and its accessories utilized in taking fish and other fishery species
fishing gear
is a household in which one or more members were directly engaged for at least 30 days in fishing anytime during the past 12 mounts
inland fishing household
refers to areas in any body of water where fish and other aquatic resources congregate and become target of capture
fishing ground
an artificial enclosure constructed within a body of water for culturing fish and fishery/aquatic resources made up of bamboo poles closely arranged in an enclosure with wooden materials, screen or nylon netting to prevent escape of fish
fish pen
a body of water (artificial or natural) where fish and other aquatic products are cultured, raised or cultivated under controlled conditions
fishpond
refers to water without salt or marine origin, such as generally found in lakes, rivers, canals
freshwater
stationary or floating fish enclosure made of synthetic net wire/bamboo screen or other materials set in the form of inverted mosquito net tied to pole stakes to the water bottom or width anchored floats for aquaculture purposes
fish cage
development stage of fish immediately after larvae stage at an age less than a week
fry
is the place where fish catch and other aquatic products are unloaded and traded
landing center
refers to catching of fish and all other aquatic animals and plants in inland water like lakes, rivers, and dams, using simple gears and fishing boats with a capacity of less than or equal to 3 tons
inland municipal waters
is the seawater environment with salinity ranging from 34.5 to 35.5 parts per thousand (ppt) consisting of ocean, bay, gulf, and channels
marine water
is fishing within the municipal waters using fishing vessels of 3 gross tons or less, or fishing not requiring the use of fishing vessels
municipal fishing
include not only streams, lakes, inland bodies of water and tiadl waters within the municipality which are not included within the protected areas as defined under RA No. 7586
municipal waters
ocean-based aquaculture or the production of marine organisms in coastal waters or in the open ocean
mariculture
a type of fish farming where juvenile fish are released into the ocean to grow unprotected and unassisted to be harvested in the future
ocean ranching
refers to the person who own and operates the farm, exercise technical initiatives and lakes full economic risk and responsibility in the admission and operation of the farm
owner/ operator
refers to inshore and open waters and inland seas in which salinity generally exceeds 20%
seawater/ marinewater
aquatic animals with shells
shellfish
development stage of fish following the fingerling stage and lasting until approximately 1 year of age
yearling
aquaculture in the phil. is carried out in 3 major aquatic environments. what are those?
brackishwater
freshwater
marine
what are the classification of aquaculture according to production environments in freshwater? Give at least 5.
lakes
reservoir
dams
rivers
streams
creeks
ponds
swamps
what are the classification of aquaculture according to production environments in mariculture? Give 3.
shallow coastal
deep coastal
intertidal flats
fish production can be controlled for as long as there is sufficient oxygen, fresh water, and food.
intensive systems
what country is the top milkfish producer in the world
philippines
rely on natural food such as phytoplankton and zooplankton
extensive farming system
top 3 milkfish producing regions
region VI, I, III
what are the classification of aquaculture according to production environments in brackish water? Give 3.
intertidal flats
mangroves swamps
estuarine areas
what is the 3rd most important species produced in the phil
tilapia
the phil was the 3rd most important _____ producing country after thailand and indonesia
shrimp
the only 2 species of mollusks farmed significantly in the phil for food
oysters and mussels
these are for animals that swim or move
closed systems
(with the exception of rainfall) recieves water only when intentionally filled up with water at the start of the culture cycle or during the cycle to compensate for water loss due to evaporation and seepage
static water pond
these have continuous exchange of water with the external environment, usually by gravity from rivers or streams
running water pond or raceway
a fenced enclosed in a larger water body which us embedded in the mud or bottom sediment
pen
a box shaped enclosure which floats, is suspended, or sits on the bottom of a larger water body
cage
a largely closed water system in which water from the culture facility is treated on-site and is pumped back into the culture facility
recirculating system
what are the factors to be considered when selecting a site for land based culture systems
ecological factor
biological factor
socio-economic factor
the recommended slope for land based culture systems should
not be greater than 2%
recommended flow rate for land based culture systems is ______ m3/min/ha
0.28
defined as water of which the chemical and physical characteristics are within the defined units for the cultured species
good quality water
man-made bodies of water usually smaller than lakes, fall into the category of extensive or semi-intensive culture systems
ponds
2 primarily types of ponds
embankment
excavated ponds
are formed by building up a dam, dike, or similar above-ground structure to hold water
embankment ponds
constructed by removing soil from an area to form a depression that can be filled with water
excavated ponds
cultured organisms derive their food from algae or other naturally growing aquatic organisms in the pond
natural feeding
feeding with commercial diets
manual feeding
the height the dike should have after settling down to safety provide the necessary water depth in the pond. obtained by adding the water depth and the freeboard
design height
the height the dike should have when newly built and before any settlement takes place. it is equal to the design height plus the settlement height
construction height
the dike top is also called
crest or crown
volume of the soil at the site before excavation
undisturbed volume
entirely obtained through soil excavation, are simplest to build
dug-out ponds
commonly found in relatively flat, well-drained terrain such as the low point of a natural depression
dug-out ponds fed by rain and surface runoff
commonly found in areas where the ground water table is close to the surface, either permanently or seasonally
dug-out ponds fed by springs or seepage
constructed in deeper water and it is smaller than net pens and range in size from 1 m2 to over 1000 m2 in surface area.
cages
can be manufactured from a variety of materials such as wood, concrete, metal, plastics, pili-ethylene, PVC, fibre-glass, etc., and an infinite number of shapes and sizes to suite the specific needs of the species and farming operation
tanks
most commonly used for nursery and grow out purposes, it has a better hydraulic characteristics
circular tanks
it offers an advantage of efficient use of space. however, it has a disadvantage, the wastes tend to collect in the corners, whilst short-circuits and dead spots tend to develop
square and rectangle tanks
relatively new addition to tank culture and are an effort to combine the advantage of circular tanks with regards to efficient water use and self-cleaning action with the space efficiency of rectangular tanks
oval tanks
must at all times provide for control over the flow rate (L/s) and velocity (cm/s) of water.
water inlet
single-pass, relatively shallow structures, typically with a rectangular cross-section, containing aquatic organisms
raceways
2 basic arrangements of raceways
series and parallel
what are the 3 categories of pens with regard to design and construction of pens?
rigid pens
flexible pens (netting)
outer barrier nets
caused by suspended solids and affects productivity and fish life, it decreases light penetration into the water and thus reduces primary production which impacts on secondary production
turbidity
