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AQA GCSE Citizenship > AQA GCSE CITIZENSHIP - PAPER 1 - KEY TERMS > Flashcards

AQA GCSE CITIZENSHIP - PAPER 1 - KEY TERMS Flashcards

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1
Q

anarchy (def)

A

system where there is no form of government opperates. When there is a total breakdown in society., for example, after a civil war
a state of anarchy is said to exist

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2
Q

dictatorship (def)

A

rule by one person or group. This group is all-powerful. Often associated with a military takeover of a state.

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3
Q

One -party state (def)

A

A state where only one political party exists and runs the country; often associated with a communist form of government i.e N. Korea

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4
Q

Theocracy (def)

A

where religious leaders run the state. I.e Iran

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5
Q

Democracy (def)

A

System of government based of the consent of the people through an open and fair electoral systems

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6
Q

Direct democracy (def)

A

system of government where all citizens partake in decision-making. A modern form of direct democracy is the use of referendums

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6
Q

Liberal democracy (def)

A

A system of government based upon representative democracy and linked to freedoms and rights of citizens

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6
Q

Representative Democracy (def)

A

a system of government where citizens are elected to represent others in an assembly. UK example - councillor or MP

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7
Q

Freedom (def)

A

the ability to act, speak or think as one thinks

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8
Q

Responsibility (def)

A

the state or fact of having to do something

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9
Q

Right (def)

A

a moral or legal entitlement to have or do something

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10
Q

Bicameral (def)

A

the name given to the parliament made up of 2 chambers. UK = House of Commons & House of Lords

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11
Q

Civil service (def)

A

employees of the state who administer our public body

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11
Q

Legislature (def)

A

a body normally elected that decides upon the laws that apply to a state. UK = Parliament US= Congress

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12
Q

Manifesto (def)

A

a document produced by a political party at the time of an election outlining the policies it would like to intro.

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13
Q

The monarchy (def)

A

a system of hereditary power, which is passed down a family line
In the UK = constitutional monarch

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14
Q

The Prime Minister (def)

A

Head of gov. Usually, leader of the largest party in House of Commons & an MP.
appointed by monarch after General election
AKA First Lord of the treasury

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14
Q

Central government (def)

A

term used to describe the gov. of the UK

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14
Q

Devolved government (def)

A

name given to the bodies created under the policy of devolution I.e the scottish parliament

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14
Q

Tiers (def)

A

another term for levels of government

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14
Q

devolution (def)

A

the decentralisation of power from a greater body to a lesser body

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14
Q

General election (def)

A

an election when the entire UK Gov. is elected. Elections are held after fixed 5 year period after the previous election.

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14
Q

Devolved and reserved powers (def)

A

devolved powers are those transferred by the UK gov. to devolved powers. Reserved Powers are those which are still held by UK Gov.

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14
Q

Ultra vies (def)

A

acting beyond your legal power or authority

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14
Q

Local elections (def)

A

elections held for councillors to local councils, held on a fixed date in May after the fixed term of office has expired

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14
Q

The electoral commission

A

a government-established body that monitors & oversees all UK elecions & referendums

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14
Q

Voter apathy (def)

A

a lack of interest by citizens in the electoral and political process

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14
Q

Voter turnout (def)

A

the % if voters who do vote against the total number who are registered to vote

14
Q

Autumn statement (def)

A

an annual statement made by the Chancellor of Exchequer to the House of Commons about the spending plans of the gov.

14
Q

Budget (def)

A

an annual statement made by the Chancellor of Exchequer to the House of Commons about the taxation policy for the upcoming yr

14
Q

Command economy (def)

A

a national economy when all elements of the economic system are controlled by the gov.

14
Q

Market economy (def)

A

a national economy where most of the economy is run by the private sector & the state owns & runs limited elements

15
Q

Mixed economy (def)

A

a national economy that has elements run & owned by the state & others run by the private sector

16
Q

Nationalised (def)

A

where the state owns and runs a party ot the economy

17
Q

Real government spending (def)

A

the change in the amount a government spends after taking account of inflation

18
Q

inflation (def)

A

the rate at which prices and wages increase on an annual basis

18
Q

By-election (def)

A

an election held in a seat after the retirement or death of another member

19
Q

constituencies (def)

A

a named geographical area consisting on avg. 65,000 voters which elect 1 MP to UK gov.

20
Q

First Past the Post (FPTP) def?

A

an election system based upon the person with the highest number of votes cast being elected

21
Q

Proportional (def)

A

a system of voting whereby the number of people relate to the (%) of votes cast

22
Q

supplementary vote (def)

A

a voting system used in the UK where voters have a second vote which is used in the election process if no candidate gets 50% of
first choice votes

23
Q

executive (def)

A

an element of gov. made up of gov. ministers, advisers and senior civil servants who determine the policy of gov.

24
Q

Legislature (def)

A

a body that determines law; UK = Parliament

25
Q

Special Adviser (def)

A

specialist & political advisers to ministers and opposition spokes-persons can have temporary civil servant status, paid by the taxpayer

26
Q

Supreme court (def)

A

final court of appeal in the UK for civil cases; criminal cases from Eng, Wales & N. I. it hears cases of great public/constitutional
importance affecting the whole population

27
Q

House of commons (def)

A

the first chamber of Parliament made up of 650 elected members. The gov. is formed based on the composition of this chamber. It is a
legislature chamber that also holds the gov. to account.

27
Q

House of Lords (def)

A

the second chamber of the parliament. Since 1911, far less important than the HoC. main purpose is a revising chamber. Made up of
non-elected members

28
Q

Lords Spiritual (def)

A

the 26 bishops of the Church of England who are members of the HoL

29
Q

Salisbury convention (def)

A

a post-war convention whereby the HoL doesn’t vote on a proposal from HoC if it was in the election manifesto of the gov.

29
Q

Liberalism (def)

A

a political philosophy dating from the 18th century, based on individual liberty, freedom of worship and free trade. It evolved from social
liberalism with a concern for welfare rights. It encompasses Liberal parties to Free Democrats to Radical Parties.

29
Q

conservatism (def)

A

an 18th-century political ideaology based upon a traditional belief in the family & church & nationalism. It has a paternalistic approach to
community affairs .This ideology has evolved to encompass New Right to Christian Democrats

30
Q

Multi-Party system (def)

A

a political system where several parties are vying for power

31
Q

New Right (def)

A

a view of conservatism, linked to Ronald Reagan in the USA & Margret Thatcher (UK 1980s), that limiting the impact of the state on business
and lowering taxation and what state services are provided, was the best means of increasing national wealth and allowed for personal
empowerment and increased social mobility

32
Q

socialism (def)

A

a political ideology dating mainly from the 19th century, based upon the common ownership of the economy, equality and opportunity.
It encompasses parties ranging from the Communists to Social Democrats,

32
Q

Two-Party system (def)

A

a political system that is dominated by 2 political parties, each of which may at some point form a government.

33
Q

Departmental select committees (def)

A

committees of the HoC made up of MPs who moitor the work of a government department and publish reports on the the work of the department

33
Q

PMQs (def)

A

30 minutes each Wednesday when the PM faces questions from MPs in the chamber of HoC. 6 questions allocated leader of the opposition.

34
Q

Question Time (def)

A

the time allocated each week when ministers face Questions from MPs and are held to account for their actions

35
Q

Private Member’s Bill (def)

A

a bill, a draft for a law, that is proposed by MPs. A lottery is held each year and if a MP comes out towards the rop, they stand a chance of their bll
becoming law.

36
Q

Backbench (def)

A

members of the HoC who are not gov. ministers/opposition spokespersons. They sit behind the front row of seats in the chamber: hence, the name
backbenches

37
Q

Frontbenchers (def)

A

gov. ministers/shadow ministers who sit on the front row of seats in the HoC chamber facing each other across a table in the chamber

37
Q

Lord speaker (def)

A

the speaker of the HoL (2024. John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith)

38
Q

The speaker (def)

A

a MP elected by fellow MPs to chair the proceedings of the HoC and mange the business of the House (2024 Lindsay Hoyle)

39
Q

Whips (def)

A

Mps appointed by party leaders to organise MPs, ensuring attendance on a vote

39
Q

NDPBs (def)

A

Non- Departmenral Gov. bodies, formerly Quangos

40
Q

closed party system (def)

A
  • the electoral system used in England, Scotland & wales to elect MEPs from 1999 to 2019
  • a voter marks a cross on the ballot paper next to the party’s name.
  • Parties get the number of seats in proportion to the votes it receives in each constituency.
  • Voters choose parties not candidates.
40
Q

Transnational Groupings (def)

A

a political grouping in the European Parliament made up of MEPs from several countries

41
Q

Non-democratic (def)

A

a system of gov. that lacks some or all elements that make up a democratic political system (i.e rule of law, equality)

AQA GCSE Citizenship (3 decks)

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