APUSH vocab 1 Flashcards
Southwest settlements
Hohokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos evolved multifaceted societies. The spread of Maize cultivation into this region from mexico prompted economic growth and the development of irrigation systems. The additional wealth allowed for more complex society.
Northwest Settlement
lived in permanent longhouses or plank houses. They had a rich diet based on hunting, fishing, and gathering nuts, berries, and roots
Great Plains cultures
They developed a mobile way of living. Nomadic tribes survived on hunting, principally the buffalo, which supplied their food as well as decorations, crafting tools, knives, and clothing. They lived in tepees, and they raised maize, beans, and squash while actively trading with other tribes.
Mississippi river valley culture
They were supported by hunting, fishing, and agriculture, people established permanent settlements in the Mississippi and ohio river valleys and elsewhere. Famous for its large earthen mounds, some of 300 ft long.
Cahokia
One of the largest settlements in the Midwest with as many as 30,000 inhabitants.
Northeast Settlements
Their culture combined hunting and farming. Their farming exhausted the soil fast which caused them to frequently move to new land. Family members connected through the mothers lineage lived together in a 200ft longhouse. Formed a powerful political union called the Iroquois Confederation.
Iroquois Confederation
From the 16th century through the American Revolution, this powerful union battled rival american Indians as well as Europeans.
Atlantic Seaboard settlements
In the area from New Jersey south to Florida lived the people of the Coastal Plains such as the Cherokee and the Lumbee. Many were descendants of the Woodland mound builders and built timber and bark lodgings along rivers. The rivers and the Atlantic Ocean provided a rich source of food.
Ferdinand and Isabella/the Reconquista
Two of the largest kingdoms united when Isabella, queen of castile, and Ferdinand, king of Aragon, married in 1469. In 1492, under the leadership of Isabella and Ferdinand, the Spanish conquered the last Moorish stronghold in spain, the city of Granada. That year they also funded Christopher Columbus’s historical first voyage.
Christopher Columbus
On his voyage to find a more efficient way to asia, he accidentally found the new world.
Protestant Reformation
In the early 1500s, certain Christians in Germany, England, France, Holland, and other northern European countries revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome. Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants led to a series of religious wars that resulted in many millions of deaths in the 16th and 17th centuries. Also began the idea of spreading their own version of Christianity to people in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Prince Henry the Navigator
sponsored a voyage of exploration that eventually succeeded in opening up a long sea route around South Africa’s Cape of Good Hope to get to the rich trade in Asia.
Treaty of Tordesillas
In 1494, Spain and Portugal moved the pope’s line a few degrees to the west and signed an agreement. The line passed through what is now the country of Brazil. This treaty, along with Portuguese explorations, established Portugal’s claim to Brazil.
Columbian Exchange
Transfer of plants, animals, and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the other for the first time. These exchanges, biological and cultural, permanently changed the entire world.
capitalism
An economic system in which control of capital (money and machinery) became more important than control of land. As trade increased, commerce became increasingly important, and political power shifted from large landowners to wealthy merchants.
Joint-stock Company
To finance trade voyages more safely, Europeans developed a new type of enterprise. If a voyage failed, investors lost only what they had invested. By reducing individual risk, joint-stock companies encouraged investment, thereby promoting economic growth.
Encomienda system
To control Indians, the spanish king granted natives who lived on a tract of land to individual spaniards. These Indians were forced to farm or work in the mines. The fruits of their labor went to the Spanish, who in turn had to “care” for the Indians.
Middle Passage
Before the transatlantic slave trade ended in the late 1800s, slave traders sent between 10 million and 15 million enslaved people from Africa. Between 10 percent and 15 percent died on the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean.
Spanish Caste System
Many of the men in the Spanish colonies had children with Native or African women which caused mixed heritage. In response, the Spanish developed a caste system that defined the status of people in the colonies by their heritage. At the top were pure-blooded Spaniards. The middle were the people that were a mix of either African or native American and European blood. at the bottom were people of pure Indian or Black heritage.
Bartolome de Las Casas
European who dissented from the views of most Europeans toward Native Americans. Though he had owned land and slaves in the West Indies and had fought in wars against the Indians, he eventually became an advocate for better treatment for Indians. He persuaded the king to institute the New Laws of 1542. These laws ended indian slavery, halted forced indian labor, and began to end the encomienda system that kept the indians in serfom.
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
He argues that indians were less than human. hence, they benefitted from serving the spaniards in the encomienda system.
corporate colonies
operated by joint-stock companies
