APUSH UNITS 1-3 themes and terms Flashcards
Jamestown
first official colony founded by England in North America in 1607 founded by the Virginia company, many colonists barely survived winters, their only because of Powhatan Indians
Plymouth Colony
where the Mayflower landed first settlement in what is now MA thought were landed coast of Virginia blown off course, where mayflower compact signed
Puritans
factions of Protestants thought that the anglican religion was not separated enough from Catholics and popery, sought freedom from religious persecution in Massachusetts; known for non-religious toleration creation strong central towns that focused on church membership
MA Bay colony
colony set up by Puritans who escaped religious persecution in England colony was based on laws of god and ruled by the Puritan religion and ideology
“city on a hill”
first coined by minister John Winthrop it was the ideology spread by the MA Bay colony that would make it a beacon of pure religion whereby these pure ideologies could spread back to England
Proprietorship
a colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group, who then set up a form of government largely independent from royal control.
Act of Toleration 1649
Maryland Toleration act ensured religions freedom for Christian settlers in Maryland (esp Catholics) to encourage immigration to the colony
Headwright system
first established by the Virginia company out of Jamestown any settler who came to the new world and could pay for their own voyage and had indentured servants would immediately be granted 50 acres of land
Antinomianism
means to go against the law or traditional teachings this is what Anne hutchinson was accused of doing when she preached against traditional puritan practices and said that religion could be studied without ministers
- Anne Hutchinson
kicked out of the Massachusetts bay colony for heresy she argued that ministers were false saints and did not need to be worshipped she advocated for self study of religion and because she challenged the authority of church and of men themselves she was removed from the colony where she later died
William Penn
founded the colony of Pennsylvania on a royal charter from King Charles II in 1681 he was a Quaker leader and founded the colony on ideals of religious freedom allowing for religious tolerance that was umatched throughout the colonies he also established the chain of friendship where he sought to ally with the Natives to mutually protect each other from other tribes
Navigation Acts
1651 and 1660 crackdown by British Parliament that regulated trade between Britain and the colonies with a list of enumerated goods forced to trade through Britain so that British merchants would always reap profit on American trade
Halfway Covenant
adopted in 1662 by MA to encourage numbers of church membership to rise decreed that children of full church members could become members of the Puritan church even without a conversion experience to speak of
- Jonathan Edwards
one of the main proponents of the Great Awakening in which he advocated for the idea of all people born sinners gave speech in 1740s “sinners at the hands of angry god” supporter of John Whitfield
Salem (1692)
year of the witch trails where thousands of women were burned alive or drowned because of accusations of witchcrafts stemmed from political and social tensions usually those women who did not conform to traditional standards would be targeted epidemic that spread throughout Salem court shut down and parliament involved
Poor Richard’s Almanac
anonymously published each year by Benjamin Franklin where he sought to distribute information about morality, justice, monetary status, and virtue to everyday people so they could understand
French & Indian War (1756-1763)
War between the French and British that involved Indians located in the Middle ground took a large amount of British capital although succeeded in expelling French from NA put undue pressure on the colonists bc British forced to tax them to repay debts from war, tension that led to American rev
Peace of Paris (1763)
officially ended the French and Indian war and solidified territorial claims
Captain John Smith
one who made Jamestown colony successful you don’t eat if you don’t work made sure colony survived
- Pilgrims
English people who settled in Plymouth off the Mayflower in 1620s religious group fleeing religious persecution in England separatists puratins
Mayflower Compact
first governing document signed in 1620 by all of the men onboard the mayflower stating that each member of the new colony must follow certain democratic rules and respect over arching authority such as trial
John Winthrop
first governor of MA bay colony known for extreme religious policies and known for no religious tolerance removed Roger Williams and Anne hutchinson
VA House of Burgesses
1643-1776 house of elected officials in Virginia that - first democratically elected body of authority in the colonies
George Calvert
he established the colony of Maryland in 1632 he attempted to gurantee religious freedoms to all of the catholics being persecuted in England
Bacon’s Rebellion
1676-1677 started by Nathanial Bacon in Virginia united groups of small farmers and started violent rebellion to petition with the governor that the natives should be removed from the colony and their land should be given rightfully to colonists who needed land for settlement Doeg Indians on Potomac river gov refused Nathanial said it was betrayal partially to indentured servitude
- Indentured servant
main source of labor until slaves in the colonies people who could not pay the fare to cross to the us would be forced to work under labor contract for 7-8 years pay off debt until received freedom dues from master usually land
- Roger Williams
founded Rhode Island in 1636 when he was kicked out of MA for advocating for soul liberty or idea of individual practice of religion
- Quakers
those who settled in Pennsylvania first to officially oppose slavery and to befriend natives religions tolerance worship of god without church or official clergy
Mercantilism
using the colonies for trade basically taking part of the colonies wealth by protection how Britain wanted to rule colonies
- Triangle Trade
trade that took place from 1400s to 1850s where millions of Africans where shipped from coast of West Africa to Carribean and then to NA or Europe
First Great Awakening
spirituality and religious devotion = revived new rebirth of the church 1730-1770s Johnathan Edwards focused on reformation of individuals church rituals and worship
- Cotton Mather
one of most influential puritan ministers of his time published many written works and was eventually accused of witchcraft
manumission
release from slavery
John Peter Zenger
journalist who established the precedent that freedom of press and that journalists could not be accused of seditious libel if what they were printing is true
Albany Plan of Union
The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. The plan was adopted on July 10, 1754, by representatives from seven of the British North American colonies.
Salutary Neglect
it was the practice employed by British from 1690-1760 policy where English parliament stayed out of political affairs in Na colonies and let them rules themselves
Proclamation of 1763:
prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains after French and Indian war to avoid conflict with the natives but many ignored including washington