APUSH unit 4

Question 1

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 1

In 1803 written by the chief justice John Marshall, Madison won, establishing the judicial review which gave the Supreme Court the power to rule an act of congress as constitutional or unconstitutional = example of check and balance to power of the federal gov

Question 2

Barbary Wars

Answer 2

Even though Jefferson made a concerted effort to prevent the US from becoming involved in any foreign entanglements he was forced to enter a war to protect foreign trade
Between 1785-1796 the barbary states off the West African coast captured 13 American ships and captured more than 100 American sailors as ‘slaves’ in response the federal government was required to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in ransom and purchase payments to regain what was stolen from them but when the Barbary states attempted to increase the ransoms and Tripoli declared war on the united states
This was won in 1804 by the Americans in Tripolis harbor ending the conflict with a treaty that supposedly ensured the safety of American ships
But the attack on ships pretty much continued until 1812 when America delt one final blow to tripoli

Question 3

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Answer 3

served as a replacement to Jeffersons failed embargo act of 1807, it allowed for the US to resume trade with the rest of the world bar Britain and France

Question 4

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 4

Nov 7th, 1811 fought between allied native forces against American forces under William Henry Harrison - turning point in relationship with the British bc they supplied the natives with weapons it was an american victory

Question 5

Fort McHenry

Answer 5

The failed bombardment of Fort McHenry forced the British to abandon their land assault on the crucial port city of Baltimore. This British defeat was a turning point in the War of 1812, leading both sides to reach a peace agreement later that year.

Question 6

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 6

Treaty of Peace signed by both the British and the Americans on December 24th, 1814 in the Netherlands, declaring a stalemate or truce in the fighting - news of this treaty was only discovered after the Americans won the battle of Louisiana in January of 1815

Question 7

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 7

Under Jefferson Presidency 1803 it was the purchase of land from the French that expanded the American territory all the way up until the Mississippi River. It was made possible by the Napoleonic wars and the recent French defeat in Haiti, rendering the American territory too expensive

Question 8

Impressment

Answer 8

practice of kidnapping american sailors and ships and forcing them to work under the British or the French Flag = one of the reasons the Americans entered into the war of 1812 and passed the embargo act of 1807

Question 9

War Hawks

Answer 9

Led to emergence of “War Hawks” or a group of congressmen mostly from the West who were encouraging all out war with Britain they saw war with England as a way to protect american freedom but also a way to annex Canada and Florida where many fugitive slaves resided with Britain’s ally, Spain

Question 10

James Madison

Answer 10

president from 1809-1817 he guided America through the war of 1812 he was a member of the democratic republican party

Question 11

Andrew Jackson

Answer 11

president from 1828-1836, he was known as the president of the common man and gained wide support from American ppl, he was a participant in the American revolution, and he was a hero at the battle of Louisiana in 1815, he founded the Democratic Party and thought the power of the federal government should be limited but his entire presidency was filled with contradictions to this policy

Question 12

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 12

successful battle after the treaty of Ghent had been signed - Andrew Jackson led American forces to victory over the British firmly ended the war and encorporated Louisiana as a state

Question 13

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Answer 13

One year after the purchase in 1804 Jefferson sent Meritweather Lewis and William Clark on an expedition to explore this new territory surveying it for scientific purposes, remarking on its wildlife and ecosystems and perceiving its economic viability.
After spending the Winter of 1805 in North Dakota, they met a Native women called Sacajawea, the wife a french fur trader, she served as a vital member of the group and their translator
They returned in 1806 after reaching Oregon. They brought a vast array of information regarding biological species and the trade network with the natives that they uncovered who they found accustomed to dealing with Europeans.

Question 14

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 14

December 1807 he enacted the Embargo act with the support of congress
The Embargo act prevented all exports to Europe it served as a sort of economic sanction

Question 15

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa

Answer 15

leaders of the pan Indian movement goal was to discourage white settlement that pushed them off their lands - leaders in war of 1812 until they were killed

Question 16

War of 1812

Answer 16

In June 1812 as the British continued their assaults on American Shipping, Madison requested to congress that a declaration of war be made
States from New Jersey Northward opposed war, and states south and west supported it. It was the smallest margin of agreement to go to war in American history.
The new country found it extremely difficult to finance the war especially since the Bank of the US’s official charter expired in 1811,

Question 17

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Answer 17

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814 United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, part of the Creek Indian tribe, effectively ending the Creek War.

Question 18

Hartford Convention

Answer 18

series of meetings from Dec to Jan 1815, by various leaders of the Federalist Party in New England - wanted to propose amendments to the constituion about how the country made a decision to go to war it was partially a protest in response to the war of 1812, but these meetings actually led to a dissolution of the Federalist party

Question 19

Market Revolution

Answer 19

1800-1850 changed american markets because of the increase in technology allowed for north to become industrialized and the south to become cotton kingdom - more interconnectivity throughout the country

Question 20

Clermont (Robert Fulton)

Answer 20

NIHF Inductee and Steamboat Inventor Robert Fulton
Robert Fulton designed and operated the world’s first commercially successful steamboat. Fulton’s Clermont made its historic first run in August 1807 on the Hudson River.

Question 21

Cotton Kingdom

Answer 21

The Cotton Kingdom (article) | Khan Academy
Consequently, by 1850, the states of the Deep South had become a “cotton kingdom,” a vast expanse of cotton plantations that extended from the South Carolina lowcountry to East Texas.

Question 22

Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin

Answer 22

1793, revolutionized the process of cotton production, allowed for cotton seeds to be removed with great efficiency removed bottleneck of production = more to supply the north = more enslaved labor

Question 23

Samuel Slater

Answer 23

first major factory owner in the US
samuelSlater - Blackstone River Valley National Historical …
Slater is known as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution.” His first mill, Slater Mill, in Pawtucket remains an important historic site that tells the story of the birth of the American Industrial Revolution. This event changed the United States forever, and still affects us today.

Question 24

Industrial Revolution

Answer 24

The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840.

Question 25

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Answer 25

Dartmouth College Vs. Woodward: 1819 supreme court case where where it upheld the college's original charter against New Hampshires attempt to alter the board of trustees = precedent for support of contracts against state interference

Question 26

Steamboat/Canal/Railroad/Telegraph

Answer 26

major effects of the MR = greater interconnectivity throughout the country

Question 27

Erie Canal

Answer 27

1825 connected upstate NY to lower NY linked farming production to industry = connected led to more commercial based farming and quicker transport times

Question 28

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 28

What is the Adams-Onis Treaty? It was a treaty between the US and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the US and defined the boundary between the US and Spanish Mexico. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy.

Question 29

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 29

Cyrus Hall McCormick invented the mechanical reaper, which combined all the steps that earlier harvesting machines had performed separately. His time-saving invention allowed farmers to more than double their crop size and spurred innovations in farm machinery.

Question 30

Lowell Mills

Answer 30

series of mills throughout the Northeast that specialized in textile production was especially known for mill girls

Question 31

Mill Girls

Answer 31

New England textile mills pretty much solely relied upon female and child labor in their textile mills Many small farming families would send their daughters to go work in these mills at a young age Some saw the restrictive nature of millwork as an assault to women's freedom but many saw it as an expansion of independence as women could now provide for themselves and participate in the workforce

Question 32

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 32

Gibbons vs. Ogden: 1824 US supreme court case reinforced the commerce clause (federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce) John Marshall ruled against the state of New York granting monopolies to Steamboats

Question 33

National Road

Answer 33

1811 built by the federal gov: The National Road (U.S. National Park Service) The National Road opened the Ohio River Valley and the Midwest for settlement and commerce. The National Road linked the eastern and western states in the first half of the 19th century, running from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois.Jun 12, 2

Question 34

B & O Railroad

Answer 34

first major commercial railroad in the US in 1827, began era of rapid expansion of railroads throughout the US

Question 35

Henry Clay

Answer 35

senator from Kentucky, member of the democratic republicans and later the whigs, especially known for aiding John Quincy Adams in winning the presidency in the election of 1824 and he advocated for the American system

Question 36

Porkopolis

Answer 36

name Cincinnati became known as because it became the center of production for pigs

Question 37

Interchangeable Parts

Answer 37

invented by Eli Whitney around 1797, it was originally employed for gun parts but it became widely applicable to the factory systems, instead of producing one product as a time each person worked to assembly each party individually

Question 38

Nativism

Answer 38

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. - response to the onslaught of immigration from Ireland and Germany and Scotland in early 1800s

Question 39

Age of Jackson/Jacksonian Democracy

Question 40

Democracy in America (Alexis de Tocqueville)

Answer 40

originally published in 1835, called America the great experiment - describes the american form of gov iberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, and laissez-faire.

Question 41

“Citizens of Color”

Answer 41

free black Americans

Question 43

Second Bank of the United States

Answer 43

part of Henry Clays American system: financial agency for the federal government

Question 44

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 44

New supreme court case = McCulloch vs. Maryland which Marshall ruled that Maryland could not tax the second bank of the US

Question 45

Missouri Crisis

Answer 45

Missouri compromise : Deal proposed by Kentucky Senator Henry Clay in 1820 which would resolve slave/free imbalance in the house by incorporating missouri as a slave state slavery was prohibited in the remaining portions of land left over from the Louisiana purchase

Question 46

Election of 1824/”Corrupt Bargain”

Answer 46

extremely close election between JQA and Jackson election thrown to the House of Representatives Henry clay who lost the election lended his support to JQA and helped him win the presidency known as the corrupt bargain

Question 47

Martin Van Buren

Answer 47

8th press of Us 1837-1841

Question 48

“Manifest Destiny”/John O’Sullivan

Answer 48

John Louis O'Sullivan (November 15, 1813 – March 24, 1895) was an American columnist, editor, and diplomat who coined the term "manifest destiny" in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Country to the United States.

Question 49

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 49

tradescendalist known for publishing civil disobedience in 1849, he opposed slavery and believed individualism, idealism, nature

Question 50

Charles Grandison Finney

Answer 50

Charles Grandison Finney | Revivalist, Abolitionist, Reformer ... Charles Grandison Finney, (born Aug. 29, 1792, Warren, Conn., U.S.—died Aug. 16, 1875, Oberlin, Ohio), American lawyer, president of Oberlin College, and a central figure in the religious revival movement of the early 19th century; he is sometimes called the first of the professional evangelists.

Question 51

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

Answer 51

faction of the mormon church who believe in the coming of JC

Question 52

“self-made man”

Answer 52

term that rose to popularity during the market revolution was used to promote social mobility

Question 53

Cult of Domesticity

Answer 53

also a product of the MR it was the growing notions that women of the middle class and upwards should be stewards of the home and the children, confining themselves to family not the chaos of the public sphere = republican motherhood

Question 54

Richard Allen

Answer 54

In 1799 Allen became the first African American to be officially ordained in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The organization of the Bethel Society led in 1816 to the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which elected Allen its first bishop.

Question 55

“Family Wage”

Answer 55

A wage that is sufficient to support a family, including a dependent spouse and children. rose to prominence in labor unions as the factory production system took off

Question 56

Transcendentalism

Answer 56

Transcendentalism is a philosophy started in the early 19th century that promotes intuitive, spiritual thinking instead of scientific thinking based on material things. Ralph Waldo Emerson one of the major proponents

Question 57

Revivals

Answer 57

Revival is usually seen as a time of renewal in devotion among Christians as well as an increased zeal for God's work and His Kingdom. especially during the second great awakening

Question 58

Individualism

Answer 58

social theory that rose to prominence in the 1800s that the individual should promote their own autonomy over that within the state

Question 59

Second Great Awakening

Answer 59

Second Great Awakening - Wikipedia The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. - make society perfect again

Question 60

Joseph Smith

Answer 60

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day saints: founded in 1830 by Joseph smith, product of the revivalism Mormons founded in 1820s by Joseph Smith a farmer from Upstate NY He published the Book of Mormon: the church admitted anyone regardless of wealth or occupation He also promoted the ideas of polygamy and by the end of his life he had married at least 30 women Mobs drove smith and his followers out of NY His successor Brigham Young led over 2000 individuals to utah to escape persecution

Question 61

The Book of Mormon

Answer 61

published by Joseph Smith in 1830, like the Bible for the mormon religion

Question 62

African Methodist Episcopal Church

Answer 62

left white episcopal church in 1887 because of discrimination and established their own faction - movement of the second great awakening

Question 63

Workingmen’s Parties

Answer 63

The Workingmen's Party of the United States (WPUS), established in 1876, was one of the first Marxist-influenced political parties in the United States. It is remembered as the forerunner of the Socialist Labor Party of America. promoted policies to help the american working class

Question 64

“Nonproducers”

Answer 64

members of society who were not apart of production either agrarian or manufacturing - examples : doctors lawyers, politicians, factory owners

Question 65

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

Answer 65

Jackson's first term = battle to uphold the supremacy of federal over state law Tariff of 1828 which raised taxes on imported manufactured goods made of wool, iron, and other things = tension and protest in the south South carolina = biggest tension referred to the tariff of 1828 as the Tariff of abominations they declared that it was only benefitting the north and state legislature threatened to nullify the law

Question 66

Exposition and Protest

Answer 66

Published by John C. Calhoun in 1828, it was a response to the tariff of 1828, which the state of North Carolina felt was unjust by the federal government - beyond the realm of power given to the federal gov and that states could therefore choose not to follow it

Question 67

States’ Rights

Answer 67

enumerated by John c. Calhoun who was the leading political theorists on nullification felt that the tariff of 1828 was a violation of the states rights

Question 68

Force Act

Answer 68

passed by Andrew Jackson in 1833 it was a response to the nullification crisis, it had to be approved by congress so Jackson could use federal troops to enforce the tariff of 1828 in NC

Question 69

Trail of Tears

Answer 69

direct result of the 1830s Indian removal act Cherokees forced removal from their lands of 1838-1839 from southeast to Oklahoma the natives were forced to walk about 15,000 in number and about 4000 died

Question 70

“Hard Money”

Answer 70

one of the main arguments that Jackson made against a federal bank he believed that paper money was unstable and advocated for transactions to be completed in silver and gold instead

Question 71

Roger Brooke Taney

Answer 71

Taney (taw-nee) served as the fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Although Taney had freed his own slaves in 1818, he felt slavery necessary as long as African Americans lived in the United States. His decision in Dred Scott v Sandford (1857) is the one for which he is most remembered.

Question 72

Independent Treasury

Answer 72

In 1840 Congress passed an act establishing an ''independent Treasury System", where the Treasury Department, not commercial banks, was to manage the Government's funds.

Question 73

John Tyler

Answer 73

John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States, serving from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president in 1841. took over presidency after Harrison died

Question 74

Spoils System

Answer 74

filling of fed gov jobs with people who are loyal to the party of president

Question 75

“Producing Classes”

Answer 75

working class american ppl

Question 76

Nullification

Answer 76

crisis that ensued after the passage of the tariff of 1828, North Carolina argued that it was an overreach of federal power and it did not have the states interests in mind therefore the states could nullify it and choose not to follow it

Question 77

Eaton Affair

Answer 77

The Petticoat affair (also known as the Eaton affair) was a political scandal involving members of President Andrew Jackson's Cabinet and their wives, from 1829 to 1831. his secretary of states wife was accused of being a prostitute

Question 78

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 78

Indian Removal act of 1830: signed by Pres Andrew Jackson it permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain indian lands in exchange for their resettlement in Oklahoma

Question 79

Nicholas Biddle

Answer 79

he was the president of second bank of the US from 1823-1836 he was the opposer in the bank war against Andrew Jackson - he wanted to extend the banks charter but Jackson refused and instilled a fear of banks in the american ppl

Question 80

“Soft Money”

Answer 80

paper money

Question 81

Panic of 1837

Answer 81

Historians have traditionally attributed the Panic of 1837 to a real estate bubble and erratic American banking policy. Most speculation concerned western land opened to settlement after Indian removals, but northeastern forests were among the most overvalued holdings.

Question 82

William Henry Harrison

Answer 82

he was the 9th president of the US he died only 30 days in office and was replaced by his VP

Question 83

“His Accidency”

Answer 83

terminology used to describe Andrew Jackson mocked him and accused him of being tyrannical for his outlandish policies and

Question 84

Whig Party

Answer 84

1830s-1850s alongside the Democratic Party in the second party system - advocated for more power to the federal gov

Question 85

Democratic Party

Answer 85

first began with Andrew Jackson wanted less power to the federal gov and less taxes

Question 86

John C. Calhoun

Answer 86

leading theorist of nullification he was defender of southern sectionalism and was elected to be the vice president in 1828 he drafted exposition and protest : protest against the tariff of abominations which he declared only promoted the welfare of the northern states introduced state interposition and basis of South Carolina doctrine of nullification in 1833

Question 87

Webster-Hayne Debate

Answer 87

Webster vs. Hayne Debate: US senate debate in Jan of 1830 which Daniel Webster of MA and Robert Hayne of SC debated over notions of nullification Webster argued that the gov was elected by the people and that nullification was unconstitutional

Question 88

Tariff of 1833

Answer 88

The Compromise Tariff of 1833 was proposed by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky; the proposal stated that tariff rates would be lowered over the next decade until the rates reached 20%. The bill was signed into law by President Jackson on March 2, 1833.

Question 89

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 89

They could not block georgia from extending their jurisdiction over the tribe 1832 Worchester Vs Georgia court stated that the natives were distinct ppl with the right to maintain their seperate political identity but bc of earlier ruling this was void

Question 90

Bank War

Answer 90

war between Jackson and financier Nicolas Biddle over renewing the national banks charter Jackson felt that he was being blackmailed by the bank because of its bypassing in the senate for an extension on its charter and if he did not sign off the bank would use its considerable power to hurt his relection campaign He saw the national banks as a testament the inequity in the country which widened the gap between classes and expanded the power of wealthy while exploiting the labor of the producers

Question 91

Pet Banks

Answer 91

these were the local banks in which the federal government decided to store its funds within when the charter of the national bank was about to expire in 1836

Question 92

“Log Cabin Candidacy”

Answer 92

The "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign is the nickname given to William Henry Harrison's 1840 presidential campaign. Democrats characterized him as a man who preferred to sit in his log cabin and drink hard cider than run a country.

Question 93

Frederick Douglass

Answer 93

Frederick Douglas: born into slavery in 1818 he became one of the leading voices for abolition he learned to read and write at a young age and viewed knowledge as the pathway to freedom 1838 he escaped slavery and fled to the North He went on to edit various anti-slavery works and published a famous autobiography calling for abolition he was also an active participant in women's rights movements

Question 94

The Second Middle Passage

Answer 94

From 1820-1860 more than 2 million slaves were sold from the lower south = came to be known as the second middle passage Trade between Chesapeake and Lower south

Question 95

“Plain Folk”

Answer 95

Plain Folk argued that southern society was not dominated by planter aristocrats, but that yeoman farmers played a significant role in it. The religion, language, and culture of these common people created a democratic "plain folk" society.

Question 96

Southern Honor

Answer 96

a culture where people avoid intentionally offending others, and maintain a reputation for not accepting improper conduct by others.

Question 97

George Fitzhugh

Answer 97

social theorists who published multiple "studies" to help facilitate the rise of scientific racism

Question 98

Upper South/Lower South

Answer 98

Upper South = more urbanized, more industrial, and great diversity in the economy lower south = completely dominated by the plantation economy and in a minority the yeoman farmers

Question 99

“the Peculiar Institution”

Answer 99

name that referred to the institution of slavery in the north

Question 100

New Orleans

Answer 100

major port which cotton left on steamships from the north, added during battle of lousiania in the war of 1812

Question 101

“Plantation Mistresses”

Answer 101

wives to the enslavers, they were known for overseeing the household and in some cases directing those in domestic servitude

Question 102

“Domestic Circle”

Answer 102

set of principles and morals that surround the notion of family and familial duties

Question 103

Celia (enslaved woman from Missouri)

Answer 103

she was sexually assaulted by her enslaver and in an attempt to defend herself, killed him. She was sentenced to death but her execution was postponed until after the birth of her child, so that the enslavers family could retain their "property"

Question 104

Gang Labor/Task Labor

Answer 104

gang labor was when a group of enslaved individuals labored under supervision for set period usually sunup to sundown, the other was task labor where the enslaved individuals would be released from labor after completing the specified task for the day

Question 105

King Cotton

Answer 105

phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production

Question 106

“Slaveocracy”

Answer 106

a faction of slaveholders and advocates of slavery in the South before the American Civil War.

Question 107

Paternalism

Answer 107

making all the decisions for the people you govern, employ, or are responsible for, so that they cannot or do not have to make their own decisions. men were the head of the household = more responsibility than before

Question 108

Proslavery Argument

Answer 108

arguments defending the southern institution as a good things, necessary and included notions of Black Americans inferiority, biblical passages, and that enslavement made freedom possible for white ppl Southerners believed that slavery was modern and they declared that the only way for true equality to be achieved for white people was to uphold slavery so white ppl never had to hold menial or inferior jobs

Question 109

Free Blacks

Answer 109

citizens of America who were black and free from the confines of enslaved labor

Question 110

Enslaved Marriages

Answer 110

they took place but the law did not officially recognize the marriage of enslaved people

Question 111

“Day to Day Resistance”

Answer 111

such as breaking tools/equipment, sabotaging tasks, and sometimes injuring work animals

Question 112

Underground Railroad

Answer 112

Clandestine system of routes and safehouses that led to a free escape path from slavery to the north Harriet Tubman: born in Maryland in 1820 she escaped to Philadelphia in 1849

Question 113

Amistad

Answer 113

Large group collectively seized their freedom = 53 slaves in 1839 took control of the Ship the Amistad from Cuba and attempted to sail to Africa the ship was seized off long island Pres van Buren stated that he think the slaves should be returned to cuba but adams and others said they should be freed because they were recently imported from Africa and it was against international law to do so they were eventually returned to Africa

Question 114

Gullah Jack

Answer 114

Gullah Jack is historically known for his role as a co-conspirator, along with Denmark Vesey, in planning the large slave rebellion that would become known as Denmark Vesey's slave conspiracy, in 1822. Both Vesey and Gullah Jack were involved in some capacity with the AME Church in Charleston.

Question 115

The Liberator

Answer 115

The Liberator (1831-1865) was the most widely circulated anti-slavery newspaper during the antebellum period and throughout the Civil War. It was published and edited in Boston by William Lloyd Garrison, a leading white abolitionist and founder of the influential American Anti-Slavery Society.

Question 116

Threat of Sale

Answer 116

apart from violence it was the number one form of leverage used over enslaved ppl as they sought to keep their families together

Question 117

Fugitive Slaves

Answer 117

runaways, presented big issue during fugitive slave act, now that they could be returned by law to their enslaver even from free states

Question 118

Harriet Tubman

Answer 118

born into enslavement, she escaped when she was young moved to north, was an abolitionist and was known for starting the Underground Railroad

Question 119

Creole

Answer 119

term used for various ethnic groups around the world, usually mixed with French origin

Question 120

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Answer 120

In 1831 led by a slave preacher he led his followers to kill about 60 white ppl in Southampton county virginia = sparked panic throughout the south = many slaved unduly punished and some even executed out of fear of rebellion 1832 Virginia responded with stronger resolves to further the maintenance of slavery and further the control of slavery Proslavery argument intensified alongside greater calls for abolition

Question 121

Neighborhood Networks

Answer 121

groups of enslaved ppl who would work with neighbors to keep themselves informed on the happenings of the world and spread knowledge

Question 122

Henry “Box” Brown”

Answer 122

famous enslaved person who attained freedom by shipping himself in a box to the north

Question 123

Denmark Vesey/conspiracy

Answer 123

In the summer of 1822, Vesey allegedly used his substantial influence among the black community to plan a major slave revolt. According to the accusations, Vesey and his followers planned to kill slaveholders in Charleston, liberate the slaves, and sail to the newly independent black republic of Haiti for refuge

Question 124

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 124

William Lloyd Garrison - NATIONAL ABOLITION HALL OF FAME AND ... Born in Massachusetts in 1805, William Lloyd Garrison was an untiring reformer who worked for women's right to vote, civil rights, and prohibition, but he is best known for his “fierce opposition to slavery.” He led the moral crusade for abolition of slavery in the United States.

Question 125

Abby Kelley

Answer 125

she was an active abolitionists and women's rights supporter she helped to organize the Seneca falls convention and she was a member of the American Anti-slavery Society

Question 126

Shakers

Answer 126

part of the reform movement advocated celibacy and did not marry (no natural population growth) so pretty much died out

Question 127

Brook Farm

Answer 127

it was a trandescendalist community founded in the 1840s sort of like socialist/communist setting where everyone was equal

Question 128

New Harmony

Answer 128

founded by Robert Owen in Indiana it was a socialist based concept of a community of equality

Question 129

“Burned-Over Districts”

Answer 129

as a result of the second great awakening upstate ny became known as the burned over district or the place where there was no one left to christianize

Question 130

American Tract Society/American Bible Society

Answer 130

founded in 1825 - evangelical christians sold religious tracts to spread religion

Question 131

Common Schools

Answer 131

idea started by Horace Mann begun in MA in 1837 started precedent that tax money would help pay for public education for all

Question 132

American Colonization Society

Answer 132

it was formed in 1817 with the objective of shipping free black Americans out of the country to colonize other places on behalf of america

Question 133

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 133

he was fierce advocate of abolitionism and he worked alongside many figures such as Frederick Douglas and others to fight for the cause. he founded the first widely read antislavery newspaper called the liberator

Question 134

Theodore Weld

Answer 134

he was an active abolitionist but he was sadly killed by a mob In Ohio who did not support his beliefs

Question 135

Birthright Citizenship

Answer 135

any child regardless of parentage that is born in the US is automatically a US citizen

Question 136

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 136

published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, narrates the life of an enslaved person first widely read abolitionist piece and contributed to the tensions that led to the civil war

Question 137

Dorothea Dix

Answer 137

created the first system of asylums for the mentally ill

Question 138

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 138

Heralded as the first women's rights convention in the United States, it was held at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19 and 20, 1848. At that conference, activist and leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted The Declaration of Sentiments, which called for women's equality and suffrage.

Question 139

Woman Suffrage

Answer 139

women's right to vote

Question 140

Amelia Bloomer

Answer 140

active reformer for women's rights, participant in Seneca falls convention, edited first newpaper for women the lily in 1849, major advocate of the temperance cause , invented the bloomer

Question 141

American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 141

sought to achieve abolition through political process and backed the liberty party

Question 142

Reform Impulse

Answer 142

swept society as a response to the rising social chaos

Question 143

Oneida

Answer 143

reform based community that did not believe in marriage but instead everyone had relations and the community raised children

Question 144

Robert Owen

Answer 144

known as the father of the socialist movement

Question 145

Second Great Awakening

Answer 145

period of religious revival and change for protestant beliefs

Question 146

American Temperance Society

Answer 146

sought to restrict consumption and production of alcohol

Question 147

Horace Mann

Answer 147

founder of common schools movement and instigated the board of educating beginning in Ma in 1837

Question 148

Liberia

Answer 148

the only country in Africa never subject to colonial rule

Question 149

The Liberator

Answer 149

began by Willian Lloyd Garrison it was a widey spread antislavery newspaper

Question 150

Moral Suasion

Answer 150

act of appealing to a group to act a certain way through rhetorical appeals

Question 151

Lydia Maria Childs

Answer 151

she was an activist and abolitionist 1833 published Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, i

Question 152

Gentlemen of Property and Standing”

Answer 152

they were antiabolitionist mobs who broke up meetings and took place in urban centers of the north

Question 153

Female Moral Reform Society

Answer 153

sought to end prostitution

Question 154

Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 154

written at the Seneca falls convention in 1848 Elizabeth Lady Stanton modeled off the Declaration of Independence

Question 155

Self-Ownership

Answer 155

concept of ones body being property

Question 156

Utopian Communities

Answer 156

communities kinda socialists that sought to establish everything as free and equal

Question 157

“Complex Marriage”

Answer 157

marriages where there are multiple partners

Question 158

Communitarianism

Answer 158

emphasis the importance of community in the political sphere

Question 159

Perfectionism

Answer 159

. Christian movement of the 1830s that beloved people could achieve moral perfection in their earthly lives because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred.

Question 160

“Silent Curriculum”

Answer 160

physical environment of the classroom is essentially the development of children

Question 161

David Walker

Answer 161

abolitionist in 1829 who published appeal to the colored citizens of the world

Question 162

“Wage Slavery”

Answer 162

term given to factory work in the north that the conditions and small pay made the conditions comparable to slaveyr

Question 163

Elijah Lovejoy

Answer 163

he was the owner of the newspaper the St. Louis observer and he was killed trying to defend his paper against an antislavery mob in in 1837

Question 164

Angelina and Sarah Grimke

Answer 164

they were active abolitionist and women's rights advocates especially after growing up on a plantation and seeing firsthand the cruelty of slavery

Question 165

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 165

activist leader in women right movement 1848 led Seneca falls convention and helped draft the declaration of sentiments leader of national women's suffrage association

Question 166

Sojourner Truth

Answer 166

originally known Isabella bomfree she escaped slavery in 1827 in ny and declared her name as sojourner truth in 1843 became iternerant preacher who spoke out against slavery 1851 aint I a women speech simultaneously advocated for women's sufferage abolition.

Question 167

“Social Freedom”

Answer 167

no relation of force between individuals when they act in groups or by themselves

Question 168

Liberty Party

Answer 168

1840-1860 political party formally established din 1840 It was the firs abolitionist political party in the us and merged with the free soil party in 1848

Question 169

Tariff of 1816

Answer 169

25% tax on all wool and cotton goods imported into the US

Question 170

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 170

The Tallmadge amendment prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and provided for emancipation of those already there when they reached age 25.