APUSH unit 4 Flashcards
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
In 1803 written by the chief justice John Marshall, Madison won, establishing the judicial review which gave the Supreme Court the power to rule an act of congress as constitutional or unconstitutional = example of check and balance to power of the federal gov
Barbary Wars
Even though Jefferson made a concerted effort to prevent the US from becoming involved in any foreign entanglements he was forced to enter a war to protect foreign trade
Between 1785-1796 the barbary states off the West African coast captured 13 American ships and captured more than 100 American sailors as ‘slaves’ in response the federal government was required to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in ransom and purchase payments to regain what was stolen from them but when the Barbary states attempted to increase the ransoms and Tripoli declared war on the united states
This was won in 1804 by the Americans in Tripolis harbor ending the conflict with a treaty that supposedly ensured the safety of American ships
But the attack on ships pretty much continued until 1812 when America delt one final blow to tripoli
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
served as a replacement to Jeffersons failed embargo act of 1807, it allowed for the US to resume trade with the rest of the world bar Britain and France
Battle of Tippecanoe
Nov 7th, 1811 fought between allied native forces against American forces under William Henry Harrison - turning point in relationship with the British bc they supplied the natives with weapons it was an american victory
Fort McHenry
The failed bombardment of Fort McHenry forced the British to abandon their land assault on the crucial port city of Baltimore. This British defeat was a turning point in the War of 1812, leading both sides to reach a peace agreement later that year.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Peace signed by both the British and the Americans on December 24th, 1814 in the Netherlands, declaring a stalemate or truce in the fighting - news of this treaty was only discovered after the Americans won the battle of Louisiana in January of 1815
Louisiana Purchase
Under Jefferson Presidency 1803 it was the purchase of land from the French that expanded the American territory all the way up until the Mississippi River. It was made possible by the Napoleonic wars and the recent French defeat in Haiti, rendering the American territory too expensive
Impressment
practice of kidnapping american sailors and ships and forcing them to work under the British or the French Flag = one of the reasons the Americans entered into the war of 1812 and passed the embargo act of 1807
War Hawks
Led to emergence of “War Hawks” or a group of congressmen mostly from the West who were encouraging all out war with Britain they saw war with England as a way to protect american freedom but also a way to annex Canada and Florida where many fugitive slaves resided with Britain’s ally, Spain
James Madison
president from 1809-1817 he guided America through the war of 1812 he was a member of the democratic republican party
Andrew Jackson
president from 1828-1836, he was known as the president of the common man and gained wide support from American ppl, he was a participant in the American revolution, and he was a hero at the battle of Louisiana in 1815, he founded the Democratic Party and thought the power of the federal government should be limited but his entire presidency was filled with contradictions to this policy
Battle of New Orleans
successful battle after the treaty of Ghent had been signed - Andrew Jackson led American forces to victory over the British firmly ended the war and encorporated Louisiana as a state
Lewis and Clark Expedition
One year after the purchase in 1804 Jefferson sent Meritweather Lewis and William Clark on an expedition to explore this new territory surveying it for scientific purposes, remarking on its wildlife and ecosystems and perceiving its economic viability.
After spending the Winter of 1805 in North Dakota, they met a Native women called Sacajawea, the wife a french fur trader, she served as a vital member of the group and their translator
They returned in 1806 after reaching Oregon. They brought a vast array of information regarding biological species and the trade network with the natives that they uncovered who they found accustomed to dealing with Europeans.
Embargo Act of 1807
December 1807 he enacted the Embargo act with the support of congress
The Embargo act prevented all exports to Europe it served as a sort of economic sanction
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa
leaders of the pan Indian movement goal was to discourage white settlement that pushed them off their lands - leaders in war of 1812 until they were killed
War of 1812
In June 1812 as the British continued their assaults on American Shipping, Madison requested to congress that a declaration of war be made
States from New Jersey Northward opposed war, and states south and west supported it. It was the smallest margin of agreement to go to war in American history.
The new country found it extremely difficult to finance the war especially since the Bank of the US’s official charter expired in 1811,
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814 United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, part of the Creek Indian tribe, effectively ending the Creek War.
Hartford Convention
series of meetings from Dec to Jan 1815, by various leaders of the Federalist Party in New England - wanted to propose amendments to the constituion about how the country made a decision to go to war it was partially a protest in response to the war of 1812, but these meetings actually led to a dissolution of the Federalist party
Market Revolution
1800-1850 changed american markets because of the increase in technology allowed for north to become industrialized and the south to become cotton kingdom - more interconnectivity throughout the country
Clermont (Robert Fulton)
NIHF Inductee and Steamboat Inventor Robert Fulton
Robert Fulton designed and operated the world’s first commercially successful steamboat. Fulton’s Clermont made its historic first run in August 1807 on the Hudson River.
Cotton Kingdom
The Cotton Kingdom (article) | Khan Academy
Consequently, by 1850, the states of the Deep South had become a “cotton kingdom,” a vast expanse of cotton plantations that extended from the South Carolina lowcountry to East Texas.
Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin
1793, revolutionized the process of cotton production, allowed for cotton seeds to be removed with great efficiency removed bottleneck of production = more to supply the north = more enslaved labor
Samuel Slater
first major factory owner in the US
samuelSlater - Blackstone River Valley National Historical …
Slater is known as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution.” His first mill, Slater Mill, in Pawtucket remains an important historic site that tells the story of the birth of the American Industrial Revolution. This event changed the United States forever, and still affects us today.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Dartmouth College Vs. Woodward: 1819 supreme court case where where it upheld the college’s original charter against New Hampshires attempt to alter the board of trustees = precedent for support of contracts against state interference
Steamboat/Canal/Railroad/Telegraph
major effects of the MR = greater interconnectivity throughout the country
Erie Canal
1825 connected upstate NY to lower NY linked farming production to industry = connected led to more commercial based farming and quicker transport times
Adams-Onis Treaty
What is the Adams-Onis Treaty? It was a treaty between the US and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the US and defined the boundary between the US and Spanish Mexico. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy.
Cyrus McCormick
Cyrus Hall McCormick invented the mechanical reaper, which combined all the steps that earlier harvesting machines had performed separately. His time-saving invention allowed farmers to more than double their crop size and spurred innovations in farm machinery.
Lowell Mills
series of mills throughout the Northeast that specialized in textile production was especially known for mill girls
Mill Girls
New England textile mills pretty much solely relied upon female and child labor in their textile mills
Many small farming families would send their daughters to go work in these mills at a young age
Some saw the restrictive nature of millwork as an assault to women’s freedom but many saw it as an expansion of independence as women could now provide for themselves and participate in the workforce
Gibbons v. Ogden
Gibbons vs. Ogden: 1824 US supreme court case reinforced the commerce clause (federal government’s right to regulate interstate commerce) John Marshall ruled against the state of New York granting monopolies to Steamboats
National Road
1811 built by the federal gov:
The National Road (U.S. National Park Service)
The National Road opened the Ohio River Valley and the Midwest for settlement and commerce. The National Road linked the eastern and western states in the first half of the 19th century, running from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois.Jun 12, 2
B & O Railroad
first major commercial railroad in the US in 1827, began era of rapid expansion of railroads throughout the US
Henry Clay
senator from Kentucky, member of the democratic republicans and later the whigs, especially known for aiding John Quincy Adams in winning the presidency in the election of 1824 and he advocated for the American system
Porkopolis
name Cincinnati became known as because it became the center of production for pigs
Interchangeable Parts
invented by Eli Whitney around 1797, it was originally employed for gun parts but it became widely applicable to the factory systems, instead of producing one product as a time each person worked to assembly each party individually
Nativism
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. - response to the onslaught of immigration from Ireland and Germany and Scotland in early 1800s
Age of Jackson/Jacksonian Democracy
Democracy in America (Alexis de Tocqueville)
originally published in 1835, called America the great experiment - describes the american form of gov iberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, and laissez-faire.
“Citizens of Color”
free black Americans
Second Bank of the United States
part of Henry Clays American system: financial agency for the federal government
McCulloch v. Maryland
New supreme court case = McCulloch vs. Maryland which Marshall ruled that Maryland could not tax the second bank of the US
Missouri Crisis
Missouri compromise : Deal proposed by Kentucky Senator Henry Clay in 1820 which would resolve slave/free imbalance in the house by incorporating missouri as a slave state slavery was prohibited in the remaining portions of land left over from the Louisiana purchase
Election of 1824/”Corrupt Bargain”
extremely close election between JQA and Jackson election thrown to the House of Representatives Henry clay who lost the election lended his support to JQA and helped him win the presidency known as the corrupt bargain
Martin Van Buren
8th press of Us 1837-1841
“Manifest Destiny”/John O’Sullivan
John Louis O’Sullivan (November 15, 1813 – March 24, 1895) was an American columnist, editor, and diplomat who coined the term “manifest destiny” in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Country to the United States.
Henry David Thoreau
tradescendalist known for publishing civil disobedience in 1849, he opposed slavery and believed individualism, idealism, nature
Charles Grandison Finney
Charles Grandison Finney | Revivalist, Abolitionist, Reformer …
Charles Grandison Finney, (born Aug. 29, 1792, Warren, Conn., U.S.—died Aug. 16, 1875, Oberlin, Ohio), American lawyer, president of Oberlin College, and a central figure in the religious revival movement of the early 19th century; he is sometimes called the first of the professional evangelists.
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
faction of the mormon church who believe in the coming of JC
“self-made man”
term that rose to popularity during the market revolution was used to promote social mobility
Cult of Domesticity
also a product of the MR it was the growing notions that women of the middle class and upwards should be stewards of the home and the children, confining themselves to family not the chaos of the public sphere = republican motherhood
Richard Allen
In 1799 Allen became the first African American to be officially ordained in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The organization of the Bethel Society led in 1816 to the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which elected Allen its first bishop.
“Family Wage”
A wage that is sufficient to support a family, including a dependent spouse and children. rose to prominence in labor unions as the factory production system took off
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a philosophy started in the early 19th century that promotes intuitive, spiritual thinking instead of scientific thinking based on material things.
Ralph Waldo Emerson one of the major proponents
Revivals
Revival is usually seen as a time of renewal in devotion among Christians as well as an increased zeal for God’s work and His Kingdom. especially during the second great awakening
Individualism
social theory that rose to prominence in the 1800s that the individual should promote their own autonomy over that within the state
Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening - Wikipedia
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. - make society perfect again
Joseph Smith
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day saints: founded in 1830 by Joseph smith, product of the revivalism
Mormons founded in 1820s by Joseph Smith a farmer from Upstate NY
He published the Book of Mormon: the church admitted anyone regardless of wealth or occupation
He also promoted the ideas of polygamy and by the end of his life he had married at least 30 women
Mobs drove smith and his followers out of NY
His successor Brigham Young led over 2000 individuals to utah to escape persecution
The Book of Mormon
published by Joseph Smith in 1830, like the Bible for the mormon religion
African Methodist Episcopal Church
left white episcopal church in 1887 because of discrimination and established their own faction - movement of the second great awakening
Workingmen’s Parties
The Workingmen’s Party of the United States (WPUS), established in 1876, was one of the first Marxist-influenced political parties in the United States. It is remembered as the forerunner of the Socialist Labor Party of America.
promoted policies to help the american working class
“Nonproducers”
members of society who were not apart of production either agrarian or manufacturing - examples : doctors lawyers, politicians, factory owners
Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
Jackson’s first term = battle to uphold the supremacy of federal over state law
Tariff of 1828 which raised taxes on imported manufactured goods made of wool, iron, and other things = tension and protest in the south
South carolina = biggest tension referred to the tariff of 1828 as the Tariff of abominations they declared that it was only benefitting the north and state legislature threatened to nullify the law
Exposition and Protest
Published by John C. Calhoun in 1828, it was a response to the tariff of 1828, which the state of North Carolina felt was unjust by the federal government - beyond the realm of power given to the federal gov and that states could therefore choose not to follow it
States’ Rights
enumerated by John c. Calhoun who was the leading political theorists on nullification felt that the tariff of 1828 was a violation of the states rights
Force Act
passed by Andrew Jackson in 1833 it was a response to the nullification crisis, it had to be approved by congress so Jackson could use federal troops to enforce the tariff of 1828 in NC
Trail of Tears
direct result of the 1830s Indian removal act Cherokees forced removal from their lands of 1838-1839 from southeast to Oklahoma the natives were forced to walk about 15,000 in number and about 4000 died
“Hard Money”
one of the main arguments that Jackson made against a federal bank he believed that paper money was unstable and advocated for transactions to be completed in silver and gold instead
Roger Brooke Taney
Taney (taw-nee) served as the fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Although Taney had freed his own slaves in 1818, he felt slavery necessary as long as African Americans lived in the United States. His decision in Dred Scott v Sandford (1857) is the one for which he is most remembered.
Independent Treasury
In 1840 Congress passed an act establishing an ‘‘independent Treasury System”, where the Treasury Department, not commercial banks, was to manage the Government’s funds.
John Tyler
John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States, serving from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president in 1841. took over presidency after Harrison died
Spoils System
filling of fed gov jobs with people who are loyal to the party of president
“Producing Classes”
working class american ppl
Nullification
crisis that ensued after the passage of the tariff of 1828, North Carolina argued that it was an overreach of federal power and it did not have the states interests in mind therefore the states could nullify it and choose not to follow it
Eaton Affair
The Petticoat affair (also known as the Eaton affair) was a political scandal involving members of President Andrew Jackson’s Cabinet and their wives, from 1829 to 1831. his secretary of states wife was accused of being a prostitute
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Indian Removal act of 1830: signed by Pres Andrew Jackson it permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain indian lands in exchange for their resettlement in Oklahoma
Nicholas Biddle
he was the president of second bank of the US from 1823-1836 he was the opposer in the bank war against Andrew Jackson - he wanted to extend the banks charter but Jackson refused and instilled a fear of banks in the american ppl
“Soft Money”
paper money
Panic of 1837
Historians have traditionally attributed the Panic of 1837 to a real estate bubble and erratic American banking policy. Most speculation concerned western land opened to settlement after Indian removals, but northeastern forests were among the most overvalued holdings.
William Henry Harrison
he was the 9th president of the US he died only 30 days in office and was replaced by his VP
“His Accidency”
terminology used to describe Andrew Jackson mocked him and accused him of being tyrannical for his outlandish policies and
Whig Party
1830s-1850s alongside the Democratic Party in the second party system - advocated for more power to the federal gov
Democratic Party
first began with Andrew Jackson wanted less power to the federal gov and less taxes
John C. Calhoun
leading theorist of nullification he was defender of southern sectionalism and was elected to be the vice president in 1828 he drafted exposition and protest : protest against the tariff of abominations which he declared only promoted the welfare of the northern states introduced state interposition and basis of South Carolina doctrine of nullification in 1833
Webster-Hayne Debate
Webster vs. Hayne Debate: US senate debate in Jan of 1830 which Daniel Webster of MA and Robert Hayne of SC debated over notions of nullification
Webster argued that the gov was elected by the people and that nullification was unconstitutional
Tariff of 1833
The Compromise Tariff of 1833 was proposed by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky; the proposal stated that tariff rates would be lowered over the next decade until the rates reached 20%. The bill was signed into law by President Jackson on March 2, 1833.
Worcester v. Georgia
They could not block georgia from extending their jurisdiction over the tribe
1832 Worchester Vs Georgia court stated that the natives were distinct ppl with the right to maintain their seperate political identity but bc of earlier ruling this was void
Bank War
war between Jackson and financier Nicolas Biddle over renewing the national banks charter
Jackson felt that he was being blackmailed by the bank because of its bypassing in the senate for an extension on its charter and if he did not sign off the bank would use its considerable power to hurt his relection campaign
He saw the national banks as a testament the inequity in the country which widened the gap between classes and expanded the power of wealthy while exploiting the labor of the producers
Pet Banks
these were the local banks in which the federal government decided to store its funds within when the charter of the national bank was about to expire in 1836
“Log Cabin Candidacy”
The “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” campaign is the nickname given to William Henry Harrison’s 1840 presidential campaign. Democrats characterized him as a man who preferred to sit in his log cabin and drink hard cider than run a country.
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglas: born into slavery in 1818 he became one of the leading voices for abolition he learned to read and write at a young age and viewed knowledge as the pathway to freedom
1838 he escaped slavery and fled to the North
He went on to edit various anti-slavery works and published a famous autobiography calling for abolition he was also an active participant in women’s rights movements
The Second Middle Passage
From 1820-1860 more than 2 million slaves were sold from the lower south = came to be known as the second middle passage
Trade between Chesapeake and Lower south
“Plain Folk”
Plain Folk argued that southern society was not dominated by planter aristocrats, but that yeoman farmers played a significant role in it. The religion, language, and culture of these common people created a democratic “plain folk” society.
Southern Honor
a culture where people avoid intentionally offending others, and maintain a reputation for not accepting improper conduct by others.
George Fitzhugh
social theorists who published multiple “studies” to help facilitate the rise of scientific racism
Upper South/Lower South
Upper South = more urbanized, more industrial, and great diversity in the economy
lower south = completely dominated by the plantation economy and in a minority the yeoman farmers
“the Peculiar Institution”
name that referred to the institution of slavery in the north
New Orleans
major port which cotton left on steamships from the north, added during battle of lousiania in the war of 1812
“Plantation Mistresses”
wives to the enslavers, they were known for overseeing the household and in some cases directing those in domestic servitude
“Domestic Circle”
set of principles and morals that surround the notion of family and familial duties
Celia (enslaved woman from Missouri)
she was sexually assaulted by her enslaver and in an attempt to defend herself, killed him. She was sentenced to death but her execution was postponed until after the birth of her child, so that the enslavers family could retain their “property”
Gang Labor/Task Labor
gang labor was when a group of enslaved individuals labored under supervision for set period usually sunup to sundown, the other was task labor where the enslaved individuals would be released from labor after completing the specified task for the day
King Cotton
phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production
“Slaveocracy”
a faction of slaveholders and advocates of slavery in the South before the American Civil War.
Paternalism
making all the decisions for the people you govern, employ, or are responsible for, so that they cannot or do not have to make their own decisions. men were the head of the household = more responsibility than before
Proslavery Argument
arguments defending the southern institution as a good things, necessary and included notions of Black Americans inferiority, biblical passages, and that enslavement made freedom possible for white ppl
Southerners believed that slavery was modern and they declared that the only way for true equality to be achieved for white people was to uphold slavery so white ppl never had to hold menial or inferior jobs
Free Blacks
citizens of America who were black and free from the confines of enslaved labor
Enslaved Marriages
they took place but the law did not officially recognize the marriage of enslaved people
“Day to Day Resistance”
such as breaking tools/equipment, sabotaging tasks, and sometimes injuring work animals
Underground Railroad
Clandestine system of routes and safehouses that led to a free escape path from slavery to the north
Harriet Tubman: born in Maryland in 1820 she escaped to Philadelphia in 1849
Amistad
Large group collectively seized their freedom = 53 slaves in 1839 took control of the Ship the Amistad from Cuba and attempted to sail to Africa the ship was seized off long island
Pres van Buren stated that he think the slaves should be returned to cuba but adams and others said they should be freed because they were recently imported from Africa and it was against international law to do so they were eventually returned to Africa
Gullah Jack
Gullah Jack is historically known for his role as a co-conspirator, along with Denmark Vesey, in planning the large slave rebellion that would become known as Denmark Vesey’s slave conspiracy, in 1822. Both Vesey and Gullah Jack were involved in some capacity with the AME Church in Charleston.
The Liberator
The Liberator (1831-1865) was the most widely circulated anti-slavery newspaper during the antebellum period and throughout the Civil War. It was published and edited in Boston by William Lloyd Garrison, a leading white abolitionist and founder of the influential American Anti-Slavery Society.
Threat of Sale
apart from violence it was the number one form of leverage used over enslaved ppl as they sought to keep their families together
Fugitive Slaves
runaways, presented big issue during fugitive slave act, now that they could be returned by law to their enslaver even from free states
Harriet Tubman
born into enslavement, she escaped when she was young moved to north, was an abolitionist and was known for starting the Underground Railroad
Creole
term used for various ethnic groups around the world, usually mixed with French origin
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
In 1831 led by a slave preacher he led his followers to kill about 60 white ppl in Southampton county virginia
= sparked panic throughout the south = many slaved unduly punished and some even executed out of fear of rebellion
1832 Virginia responded with stronger resolves to further the maintenance of slavery and further the control of slavery
Proslavery argument intensified alongside greater calls for abolition
Neighborhood Networks
groups of enslaved ppl who would work with neighbors to keep themselves informed on the happenings of the world and spread knowledge
Henry “Box” Brown”
famous enslaved person who attained freedom by shipping himself in a box to the north
Denmark Vesey/conspiracy
In the summer of 1822, Vesey allegedly used his substantial influence among the black community to plan a major slave revolt. According to the accusations, Vesey and his followers planned to kill slaveholders in Charleston, liberate the slaves, and sail to the newly independent black republic of Haiti for refuge
William Lloyd Garrison
William Lloyd Garrison - NATIONAL ABOLITION HALL OF FAME AND …
Born in Massachusetts in 1805, William Lloyd Garrison was an untiring reformer who worked for women’s right to vote, civil rights, and prohibition, but he is best known for his “fierce opposition to slavery.” He led the moral crusade for abolition of slavery in the United States.
Abby Kelley
she was an active abolitionists and women’s rights supporter she helped to organize the Seneca falls convention and she was a member of the American Anti-slavery Society
Shakers
part of the reform movement advocated celibacy and did not marry (no natural population growth) so pretty much died out
Brook Farm
it was a trandescendalist community founded in the 1840s sort of like socialist/communist setting where everyone was equal
New Harmony
founded by Robert Owen in Indiana it was a socialist based concept of a community of equality
“Burned-Over Districts”
as a result of the second great awakening upstate ny became known as the burned over district or the place where there was no one left to christianize
American Tract Society/American Bible Society
founded in 1825 - evangelical christians sold religious tracts to spread religion
Common Schools
idea started by Horace Mann begun in MA in 1837 started precedent that tax money would help pay for public education for all
American Colonization Society
it was formed in 1817 with the objective of shipping free black Americans out of the country to colonize other places on behalf of america
William Lloyd Garrison
he was fierce advocate of abolitionism and he worked alongside many figures such as Frederick Douglas and others to fight for the cause. he founded the first widely read antislavery newspaper called the liberator
Theodore Weld
he was an active abolitionist but he was sadly killed by a mob In Ohio who did not support his beliefs
Birthright Citizenship
any child regardless of parentage that is born in the US is automatically a US citizen
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, narrates the life of an enslaved person first widely read abolitionist piece and contributed to the tensions that led to the civil war
Dorothea Dix
created the first system of asylums for the mentally ill
Seneca Falls Convention
Heralded as the first women’s rights convention in the United States, it was held at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19 and 20, 1848. At that conference, activist and leader Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted The Declaration of Sentiments, which called for women’s equality and suffrage.
Woman Suffrage
women’s right to vote
Amelia Bloomer
active reformer for women’s rights, participant in Seneca falls convention, edited first newpaper for women the lily in 1849, major advocate of the temperance cause , invented the bloomer
American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
sought to achieve abolition through political process and backed the liberty party
Reform Impulse
swept society as a response to the rising social chaos
Oneida
reform based community that did not believe in marriage but instead everyone had relations and the community raised children
Robert Owen
known as the father of the socialist movement
Second Great Awakening
period of religious revival and change for protestant beliefs
American Temperance Society
sought to restrict consumption and production of alcohol
Horace Mann
founder of common schools movement and instigated the board of educating beginning in Ma in 1837
Liberia
the only country in Africa never subject to colonial rule
The Liberator
began by Willian Lloyd Garrison it was a widey spread antislavery newspaper
Moral Suasion
act of appealing to a group to act a certain way through rhetorical appeals
Lydia Maria Childs
she was an activist and abolitionist 1833 published Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, i
Gentlemen of Property and Standing”
they were antiabolitionist mobs who broke up meetings and took place in urban centers of the north
Female Moral Reform Society
sought to end prostitution
Declaration of Sentiments
written at the Seneca falls convention in 1848 Elizabeth Lady Stanton modeled off the Declaration of Independence
Self-Ownership
concept of ones body being property
Utopian Communities
communities kinda socialists that sought to establish everything as free and equal
“Complex Marriage”
marriages where there are multiple partners
Communitarianism
emphasis the importance of community in the political sphere
Perfectionism
. Christian movement of the 1830s that beloved people could achieve moral perfection in their earthly lives because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred.
“Silent Curriculum”
physical environment of the classroom is essentially the development of children
David Walker
abolitionist in 1829 who published appeal to the colored citizens of the world
“Wage Slavery”
term given to factory work in the north that the conditions and small pay made the conditions comparable to slaveyr
Elijah Lovejoy
he was the owner of the newspaper the St. Louis observer and he was killed trying to defend his paper against an antislavery mob in in 1837
Angelina and Sarah Grimke
they were active abolitionist and women’s rights advocates especially after growing up on a plantation and seeing firsthand the cruelty of slavery
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
activist leader in women right movement 1848 led Seneca falls convention and helped draft the declaration of sentiments leader of national women’s suffrage association
Sojourner Truth
originally known Isabella bomfree she escaped slavery in 1827 in ny and declared her name as sojourner truth in 1843 became iternerant preacher who spoke out against slavery 1851 aint I a women speech simultaneously advocated for women’s sufferage abolition.
“Social Freedom”
no relation of force between individuals when they act in groups or by themselves
Liberty Party
1840-1860 political party formally established din 1840 It was the firs abolitionist political party in the us and merged with the free soil party in 1848
Tariff of 1816
25% tax on all wool and cotton goods imported into the US
Tallmadge Amendment
The Tallmadge amendment prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and provided for emancipation of those already there when they reached age 25.
