APUSH Chapter 3 Flashcards
Fourteen Points
Outlined Wilson’s vision for ending World War I in a way that would prevent it from reoccurring
Committee on Public Information
Headed by George Creel, it essentially sold American on the war and the world on Wilsonian war aims
Espionage Act
Reflected current fears about Germans and antiwar Americans, declared it a crime to obstruct military recruitment, to encourage mutiny, or to aid the enemy by spreading lies
Schenck v. United States
Affirmed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act’s legality, arguing that freedom of speech could be revoked when it posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation
War Industries Board
Set a precedent for the federal government to take a central role in economic planning in moments of crisis
National War Labor Board
Chaired by Taft, headed off labor disputes that might hamper the war effort, failed to support a government guarantee of the right to organize into unions
Industrial Workers of the World
Did not support the war, engineered some of the most damaging industrial sabotage
19th Amendment
Gave all American women the right to vote
Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act
Provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care, also expanded the responsibility of the federal government for family welfare
Chateau Thierry
Newly arrived American troops were thrown into the breach, was the first significant engagement of American troops in a European war
Meuse-Argonne offensive
Part of the last mighty Allied assault, one objective was to cut the German railroad lines feeding the western front
Irreconcilables
Republican senators opposed to the League of Nations, led by Senators William Borah and Hiram Johnson
League of Nations
Proposed by Wilson as an international peacekeeping organization, was included as a part of the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
Formally ended World War I, required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies, the treaty was hated by many people including the Germans
Bolshevik Revolution
Spawned a tiny Communist part in America
Criminal syndicalism laws
Made unlawful the advocacy of violence to secure social change
Red scare
Resulted in a nationwide crusade against suspected Communists
American plan
Employers hailed their anti union campaign
Ku Klux Klan
Spawned by postwar reaction, it spread rapidly and was highly racist and antiforeign, also wielded considerable political influence
Bible Belt
The South where Protest Fundamentalism thrived and the Ku Klux Klan spread rapidly
Immigration Act of 1924
Quotas for foreigners were cut from 3% to 2%, the purpose was largely to freeze America’s existing racial composition
18th Amendment
Launched prohibition and was implemented by the Volstead Act
Volstead Act
Enforced prohibition through the 18th Amendment
Racketeers
Invaded local labor unions as organizers and promoters (essentially were bootleggers and criminals)
Fundamentalism
Emphasis on a literal reading of the Bible and clashed with modern science’s theory of evolution
Scientific Management
Frederick W. Taylor was known as “The Father of Scientific Management” with the assembly line
Fordism
Henry Ford applied the technique of the moving assembly line, which increased production and consumerism
United Negro Improvement Association
Founded by Marcus Garvey and promoted the resettlement of American blacks in their “African homeland”
Adkins v. Children’s Hospital
The court reversed its ruling in Muller v. Oregon and declared that because women now had the vote, they were the legal equals of men and could no longer be protected by special legislation
Nine-Power Treaty
Stated that signatories agreed to nail open the Open Door in China
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Defense wars were still permitted but quarreling nations would foreswear war
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
Boosted from the average 27% to an average 38.5%, general rates were designed to equalize the cost of American and foreign production
Teapot Dome scandal
Albert Fall (secretary of the interior) induced the secretary of the navy to transfer valuable properties to the Interior Department, and then Fall leased the lands to Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny, but not until receiving a bribe from both of them
McNary-Haugen Bill
Sought to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy surpluses and sell them abroad
Dawes Plan
Rescheduled German reparations payments and opened the way for further American private loans to Germany
