APUSH 8.4-8.6 Vocab Flashcards by Elinor Labore

Harry S. Truman

President from 1945-1953. Was president after FDR’s death.

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Employment Act of 1946

Progressive measures including national health insurance, a increase in minimum wage, and government commitment to maintaining full employment

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Council of Economic Advisors

created by the Employment Act of 1946.
advised the president and Congress of means of promoting national economic welfare

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Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights)

provided powerful support during the transition of 15 million veterans to a peacetime economy. Helped veterans get education, get loans, buy homes and start businesses

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Baby boom

Postwar explosion of marriages and births.

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Levittown

William J Levitt led in the development of postwar suburbia with his building and promotion of Levittown.
This was a project of 17,000 mass produced, low priced family homes on Long Island, NY.

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Sun Belt

States from Florida to California. Had warmer climate, lower taxes, and economic opportunities in defense related industries , attracting veterans and people. By transferring tax dollars to the South and West, it helped shift political power from one region to another

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22nd Amendment (1951)

Limit a president to a maximum of 2 full terms in office

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Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

Republican sponsored law to check growing power of unions

The Act’s provisions included:

outlawing the closed shop (requiring worker to join a union BEFORE being hired)

permitting states to pass “right to work” laws outlawing the union shop (requiring workers to join a union AFTER being hired)

outlawing secondary boycotts (the practice of unions supporting a striking union by joining a boycotting of a company’s products)

giving the president power to invoke a 80 day cooling off period before a strike endangering the national safety

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Fair Deal

Reform program by Truman. He urged congress to enact national health insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights legislation, funds for public housing, and a new farm program.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

president from (1953-1961)
was a republican. expressed feelings of middle class Americans

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Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW)

Federal Agency created in 1953 to oversee social welfare programs

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Soil Bank program

initiated by Eisenhower as a means of reducing farm production and thereby increasing farm income

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Modern republicanism

Eisenhower called his balanced and moderate approach modern republicanism

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Highway Act (1956)

authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nation’s major cities

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Interstate Highways

nationwide system of roads improving transportation and commerce

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New Frontier

Kennedy promised to lead the nation into a new frontier. Kennedy’s domestic program aimed and social and economic progress

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Trade Expansion Act (1962)

authorized tariff reductions with the New European Economic Community (common market) of Western European nations. Gave president power to negotiate lower trade tariffs

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Revenue sharing

The distribution of federal funds to state and local governments with minimal restrictions

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New Federalism

Federal philosophy that shifted power from federal government to the states

Stagflation

stagnation plus inflation
period of economic stagnation combined with high inflation, which challenged economic policies

Television

By late 1940s, TV was a center for America family life. There was 3 national networks

Credit Cards

these were a way to satisfy the desires in people from aggressive advertising and materials wants

Fast Food

Restaurants on roadside, new marketing technique

Paperback Books

Innovation by the 1950s, sold a lot of copies

Rock and Roll

Popular form of music, especially with teens

Conglomerates

Large corporation that owns multiple businesses across different industries. This helps reduce risk and increase profitability

The Affluent Society

(1958) written by economist John Kenneth Galbraith he wrote about the failure of wealthy Americans to address the need for increased spending for the common good

The Catcher in the Rye

written BY J.D Salinger commentary on fakeness from the view of a teen

Catch 22

written by Joesph Heller made commentary about the rigidity and military and the insanity of war

Beatniks

group of rebellious writers and intellectuals, they advocated spontaneity, drugs, and rebellion against societal standards

Committee on Civil Rights

Truman strengthened division on justice department, which aided black leaders and segregation in schools and military

Jackie Robinson

first African American to play on a major baseball team

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

people who had been working for the court trying to overturn Plessy vs. Ferguson

Harry S. Truman

was the first modern president to use powers to his office to challenge racial discrimination

Thurgood Marshall

NAACP lawyer who led the legal fight against segregation, 1st black supreme court justice

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

argued that segregation of black children in public schools was unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment. The court agreed with Marshall

Earl Warren

chief justice of the US supreme court who led the decision in Brown v. Board of Education 1.) separate facilities are inherently unequal, therefore unconstitutional 2.) school segregation should end with "all deliberate speed"

Southern Manifesto

congress members signed this confirming that the Supreme court was "a clear abuse of power" southern states fought against the decision by closing schools, private schools, and retaliation of KKK

desegregation

process of ending segregation in schools, public spaces, and other institutions

Little Rock

refers to the school in which black students integrated in Arkansas under federal protection in 1957 Eisenhower sent troops to stand guard and protect black students

Rosa Parks

driver ordered this black woman to give up her seat to a white person. She was an active member of NAACP. She refused, and got arrested. Sparked boycott of city buses

Martin Luther King

minster of Montgomery Baptist church, soon became a leader of a nonviolent movement to end segregation

Nonviolent movement

act to fight against segregation without violence

Montgomery bus boycott

resulted in the supreme court ruling that segregation laws were unconstitutional

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

formed by MLK which organized ministers and churches in the south to get behind civil rights struggle

Sit in Movement

After being refused service in a Whites only, students would call attention to segregation by only sitting in restricted areas

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

to promote voting rights and to end segregation. African used sit ins to integrate through hotels, pools, libraries, and transportation throughout the South

Civil Rights Commission

giving the justice department new powers for protecting voting rights of African Americans