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Circulatory System > APUSH 8.2-8.3 vocab > Flashcards

APUSH 8.2-8.3 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Cold War

A
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2
Q

Soviet Union

A

communist superpower

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3
Q

United Nations

A

created to provide representation to all member nations. was founded in 1945

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3
Q

Josesph Stalin

A

leader of Soviet Union, played a role in Cold War’s early aggressive expansion policies

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4
Q

Security Council

A

15 member security council was given the primary responsibility within the UN for maintaining international security and authorizing peace keeping missions

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5
Q

World Bank

A

The bank’s purpose was to rebuild funding of a war torn world.

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6
Q

Satellites

A

nations under control of the USSR, claimed they needed a buffer against invasion

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7
Q

Winston Churchill

A

British prime minister. Created the iron curtain metaphor

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8
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Metaphor used to refer to the division between U.S allies in Western Europe and Soviet allies of Eastern Europe.

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9
Q

Containment policy

A

Adopter by Truman in early 1947, designed to prevent Soviet expansion without starting a war

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10
Q

George Marshall

A

Secretary of State, developed the Marshall Plan to aid European recovery and prevent communism

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11
Q

Dean Acheson

A

Undersecretary of State, helped establish NATO

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12
Q

George F Kennan

A

Expert on Soviet affairs

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13
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Truman asked congress in March 1947 for $400 million in economic and military aid to assist the ‘“free people” of Greece and Turkey again “totalitarian” regimes of communism.

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14
Q

Marshall Plan

A

In 1947, Truman submitted to congress a $17 billion European Recovery Program, better known as the Marshall Plan. $12 billion was submitted in aid to Western Europe

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15
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

A year long operation supplying west Berlin with necessities after the Soviet blockade. Truman sent supplies to west berlin people along with bombs, Stalin decided not to challenge Truman.

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16
Q

West Germany

A

U.S ally

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17
Q

East Germany

A

A soviet satelitte

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18
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

A military alliance for defending all members from outside attack

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19
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

military alliance for the defense of the Communist states of Eastern Europe. USSR allied with communist states

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20
Q

National Security Act

A

(1947)

1.) provided a centralized Department of Defense (replacing the War Department to coordinate the operations of the army, navy, and air force)

2.) the creation of the National Security Council (NSC) to coordinate the making of foreign policy

3.) the creation of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to gather info on foreign governments

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21
Q

Arms race

A

The race between the Soviet Union and the United States to develop a superior weapons systems

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22
Q

NSC-68

A

a secret report known as NSC-68 ensured that the following measures were necessary to fight the Cold War:

1.) quadruple U.S government defense spending to 20% of GNP

2.) convince the American public that a costly arms buildup was imperative for the nation’s defense

3.) form alliances with the non-Communist countries around the world

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23
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

He was a general who took form charge of the reconstruction of Japan

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24
US Japanese security treaties
With the signing of treaties in 1951, Japan gave up its claims to Korea and some Pacific Islands. The U.S ended occupation in Japan but U.S troops remained there for the country's protection against enemies (mostly communists) Japan benefited under this American shield
25
Chiang Kai Shek
Used his command of the Nationalist party to control China's central government
26
Meo Zedong
communist leader who established the People's republic of china in 1949
27
Taiwan
Island once under Japanese rule, formerly called Formosa
28
People's republic of china
The communist government of China established by Meo Zeong in 1949
29
38th parallel
After the defeat of Japan, its former colony Korea was divided along the 38th parallel by its victors
30
Kim ll Sung
North Korea was left in the hands of Communist leader Kim ll Sung
31
Syngman Rhee
South Korea was left in the hands of conservative nationalist Syngman Rhee
32
Korean War
A conflict (1950-1953) between Communist North Korea and U.S backed South Korea, ending in a stalemate
33
John Foster Dulles
Secretary of State under Eisenhower's presidency, advocated for anti-communist policies
34
brinkmanship
Dulles was supported by conservatives and not by many others. He had the idea that by declaring that if the US pushed Communist powers to the brink of war, they would back down because of American nuclear superiority
35
massive retaliation
A U.S policy threatening a nuclear response to Soviet aggression
36
korean armistice
The 1953 ceasefire that ended active fighting in the Korean war without a peace treaty
37
atoms for peace
Eisenhower called for a slowdown in the arms race and presented to the United Nation "atoms for peace" plan. Promoted peaceful nuclear energy while maintaining U.S nuclear superiority
38
open skies policy
U.S president proposed an open skies policy over each other's territory, open to aerial photography by the opposing nation, in order to eliminate the chance of a surprise nuclear attack. Soviets rejected it
39
spirit of geneva
A 1955 summit where U.S and Soviet leaders attempted to ease Cold War tensions
40
nikita khruschev
Soviet leader in 1956, he denounced the crimes of Stalin, and supported "peaceful coexistence"
41
peaceful coexistence
Khruschev's policy of competing with the West economically and ideologically rather than militarily
42
hungarian revolt
uprising against Soviet Union control in Hungary brutally suppressed by the USSR
43
sputnik
The first artificial satellite launched by the USSR in 1957, triggering the space race
44
national aeronautics and space adminstration (NASA)
created to direct the U.S efforts to build missiles and explore outer space. competed with Russia in the space race
45
U-2 incident
A 1960 event where a US spy plane was shot down over the USSR, worsening Cold War tensions
46
cuba
a key Cold War battleground after fidel castro established a communist government in 1959
47
fidel castro
Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959.
48
military-industrial complex
In Eisenhower's farewell address as president he spoke out about the negative impact of the Cold War on the U.S society.
49
bay of pigs
A failed 1961 US backed invasion of cuba to ovethrow fidel castro
50
berlin wall
stood as a gloomy symbol of the Cold War until it was torn down by rebellious East Germans in 1989 Prevented East Germans from feeling to West Berlin
51
cuban missile crisis
(1962) confrontation between the US and USSR over the Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles from Cuba in exchange for Kennedy's pledge not to invade the island nation
52
nuclear test ban treaty
in 1963 an agreement between US, USSR, and UK banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater
53
flexible response policy
Kennedy's strategy of using conventional and nuclear forces to respond to Soviet threats
54
non proliferation policy
a 1968 agreement to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Each signer agreed not to help other countries acquire or develop nuclear weapons.
55
henry kissinger
US national security advisor and secretary of state during Nixon's 2nd term, who shaped detente and realpolitik. He fashioned a realist policy that ended the war in Vietnam and reduced cold war tensions
56
detente
a policy easing cold war tensions between the US and the USSR thru diplomacy
57
antiballistic missiles (ABMs)
defensible missiles designed to intercept nuclear attacks, a key issue in arms control
58
strategic arms limitation talks (SALTS)
negotiations between the US and USSR to limit nuclear weapons. Agreement to freeze the number of ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads.
59
Second Red Scare
A period of intense fear of communist influence in the U.S during the late 1940s and 1950s
60
Loyalty Review Board
A government agency established in 1947 to investigate federal employees for potential communist ties. Could investigate the background of more than 3 million federal employees
61
Dennis et al v. United States
a 1951 supreme court case that upheld the conviction of Communist party leaders under the Smith Act, ruling that advocating violent overthrow of the government was not protected speech
62
Smith Act
(1940) a law that made it illegal to advocate for the violent overthrow of the US government later used to prosecute suspected communists
63
House Un-American Activities (HUAC)
a congressional committee that investigated alleged communist influence in government, Hollywood, and other industries
64
McCarran Internal Security Act
a law that required communist organizations to register with the government and allowed for the detention of suspected subversives
65
Whittaker Chambers
a former communist spy who became a key witness against Alger Hiss, alleging Soviet espionage in the US gov
66
Alger Hiss
a former US department official accused of being a Soviet spy and convicted in 1950
67
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
A married couple convicted of espionage and executed in 1953 for allegedly passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union
68
Joseph McCarthy
a US senator who led aggressive anti communist investigations, making claims about communist infiltration in the government
69
McCarthyism
a campaign of unfounded accusations and aggressive investigations of suspected communists, leading to ruined careers and widespread fear

Circulatory System (4 decks)

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