Apraxia

Question 1

AOS neuro damage

Answer 1

–LH/cortical, BG damage

Question 2

accompanying ________ is common

Answer 2

aphasia

Question 3

common arctic errors

Answer 3

substitutions
some deletions
distortions

Question 4

AOS is a disorder of ______

Answer 4

skilled volitional speech movements; planning deficit

Question 5

impairment in transfering _____ into ________

Answer 5

the intact phonological representations into coordinated patterns of muscle movement

Question 6

lesion at the ____ in the psycholinguistic model

Answer 6

—phonological output buffer

Question 7

AOS primary speech characteristics

Answer 7

• slow rate
• sound distortions and distorted substitutions
• prosodic abnormalities
• more erros in longer words
• greater difficulty w/ AMRs than RMRs
• atriculatory groping
• initiation difficulty
• high self-awareness and attempts to self-correct

Question 8

AOS motor characteristics

Answer 8

-nonspeech movements are all normal

Question 9

main tx of AOS

Answer 9

–overall goal is to improve the individual’s ability to assemble, retrieve, and execute the motor plans for speech

…at first maximum cues are provided, and then they are faded, giving the speaker increasing responsibility to formulate and execute the plan on his own

Question 10

in the early stages of AOS treatment….it is important to do what in tx?

Answer 10

educate the family and people involved in their daily life what they will likely be able to do and what they can’t do…also explain the nature of the disorder

Question 11

articulatory tx methods include

Answer 11

1. integral stimulation
2. MIPT
3. sound production treatment

Question 12

integral stimulation tx

Answer 12

-for mod/severe AOS – “watch and listen to me”

-the clinician’s models of stimuli are both visual and auditory and visual because the clinician is producing speech while the client watches
…repetitive motor practice

ex: 8-setp continuim (Rosenbeck et al., 1973)
(a set of meaningful utterances starting at a level to allow for the client to have success)…slowly reduce cueing

Question 13

Multiple Input Phoneme Therapy (MIPT) tx

Answer 13

**Stevens, 1989

-for severe AOS w/ only a few verbal stereotypes

–the clinician identifies frequent stereotypic utterances that are used and then are used as initial stimuli

–clinician models the utterance…he or she begins with a slowed production and emphasized the initial movement —-a simultaneous gestural/prosodic cue (tapping of the ipsilateral arm) is performed by both the client and the clinician) – then clinician fades

Question 14

Sound Production Treatment (SPT)

Answer 14

**Wambaugh 2010

-used to improve consonants that are problematic for a specific speaker

…uses steps of a treatment hierarchy composed of modeling and repetition of minimally contras tic words, grapheme cues, integral stimulation, and phonetic placement

Question 15

Prosodic tx options

Answer 15

1. MIT

2. Contrastive stress

Question 16

MIT tx

Answer 16

(Sparks et al., 1973)

—the intonation of a phrase is emphasized

-uses a structures sequence of tasks, beginning with imitation of rhythmic tap pic patterns and working toward imitation of utterances that are practiced in response to an intoned stimulus

…cues are slowly faded

Question 17

Contrastive stress tx

Answer 17

**Wertz, 1984

-people who have mild/mod AOS who need to improve speech naturalness

…through use of stress patterning and intonation
-involves having the speaker produce an utterance with primary or empathetic stress on a particular word

Question 18

tactile/gestural tx

Answer 18

-vibrotactile cueing strategies (Rubow et al., 1984)

• vibratory stimulation used to signal each syllable within target
• high intensity vibratory stim used to signal primary stress

Question 19

PROMPTS tx

Answer 19

** Chumpelik, 1984

• tactile-kinesthetic cues to facilitate speech
• uses place, jaw opening, manner cues

Question 20

if very severe could consider ….(tx)

Answer 20

• AAC

- Speech output devices