[Approaches] Topic 2 - The behaviourist approach

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Pavlov and his dogs

Question 2

Operant Conditioning

Answer 2

Skinner suggested that learning is an active process

• Positive reinforcement: When behaviour produces a consequence that is rewarding
• Negative reinforcement occurs when a behaviour removes an unpleasant consequence

Question 3

One strength of classical conditioning is its application to the treatment of phobias

Answer 3

• One strength of classical conditioning is its application to the treatment of phobias
• Classical conditioning has led to the development of systematic desensitisation (explain what it is)
• This matters because SD is an effective treatment

Question 4

One strength of Operant conditioning is the use of experimental methods

Answer 4

• One strength of Operant conditioning is the use of experimental methods
• Skinners research uses controlled conditions to discover the casual relationship between two or more variables
• Skiiner’s box allowed him to manipulate the consequences of the behaviour (IV) and the effect on the rat’s behaviour (DV)
• This allowed him to establish a cause and effect relationship between positive and negative reinforcement and the likelihood of future behaviour.