approaches: Maslow and Rogers humanistic approach p2 Flashcards
free will
- rejects science
- people have control over what they think, feel and how they behave
- each person is a rational and conscious being
- the persons subjective view (opinion is most important)
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- everyone has an innate tendency (inbuilt drive) to achieve their full potential
- lower needs much be met first e.g food, water, sex before they can reach self-actualisation
the self, congruence and conditions of worth (rogers)
- for personal growth, an individual must have congruence (balance) between their self concept and ideal self
- if the gap is too big, this causes a state of incongruence (low self esteem, state of discomfort)
- self-actualisation will not be possible
- caused by conditions of worth
the influence of counselling psychology (rogers)
- rogers created client-centred counselling
- he believed adulthood issues stemmed from childhood
- he blamed a lack of unconditional positive regard
- it is the counsellors job to give the unconditional positive regard
what is meant by unconditional positive regard?
where the parents and others accept and love the person for what they are no matter what
what is meant by incongruence?
where there is a discrepancy between a persons ideal self and self concept
what is meant by conditions of worth?
where a parent places limits on their love for their children e.g I will only love you if…
what is meant by self-actualisation?
the desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones potential - becoming what you are capable of
what is meant by congruence?
where a persons self concept and ideal self match
strengths of the humanistic approach?
- practical application e.g counselling
- personalised and positive
why is having practical application a strength?
for example, roger’s client-centred counselling. this is an advantage because it shows that it can be helpful in society which increases the approaches credibility
why is it being personalised and positive a strength?
for example, the idea of your own self concept. this is an advantage because it acknowledges the individual and it is the only approach to do this which increases credibility
limitations of the humanistic approach?
- lack of research support
- lacks scientific credibility
- ignores other factos e.g genes and biology
why is having a lack of research support a limitation?
the approach has a lack of research support. for example, we cannot test the theories as they are non-falsifiable. this means it is less valid as there is no proof to support the theories.
why is lacking scientific credibility a limitation?
the approach lacks scientific credibility. it is very subjective as it is to do with the individual and there is no determinant of behaviour because it is free will. this lowers the credibility of the approach.
