approaches: humanistic Flashcards
define the humanist approach
focusing on the individuals unique self and potential growth and fulfilment
what does free will mean? how does the psychodynamic approach suggest we have free will?
= we have choices we act + are self determining
humanists believe people have free will to make choices and are not determined by biological or external influences
who founded the humanistic approach?
Carl Rogers + Abraham Maslow
what is the hierarchy of needs and who created it?
Abraham Maslow- made for employers to get the best out of their employees by understanding their needs
what are the 5 stages in the hierarchy of needs? how do we move through these stages?
- physical needs
- safety + security
- love + belongingness
- self esteem
- self-actualisation
we move through stage by stage in order to self-actualise
what is self actualisation?
the desire to grow psychologically and fulfil one’s full potential - becoming what you are capable of
what is congruence? what must there be congruence between and why in humanism?
= feelings, thoughts and behaviours are in harmony
there must be congruence between ideal self and self concept to avoid incongruence ( when there is a gap between the ‘self concept’ and ‘ideal self’)
describe client centred therapy. what is its main purpose?
- focuses on reducing the gap between self-concept and ideal self (increase congruence)
- involves therapist giving client unconditional positive regard because they didn’t receive it as children, helps anxiety and depression
describe conditions of worth and explain how they are important to the humanist approach
- people believing that others will only love them if they achieve certain things
- may be owning certain possessions, or acting in certain ways, important to humanist approach because they may make people unable to achieve self actualisation
ao3: what does holistic mean? how is this a strength of the humanist approach
+ uses free will and the conscious mind to change behaviour, it views you as a whole person and doesn’t break down humans, offers a more comprehensive view and looks at one person in detail
ao3: what is a potential issue regarding holistic approaches such as humanism
testability- it rejects the scientific method so they can’t measure actualisation due to being individual and subjective, they can’t falsify
ao3: what is culture bias? how is this a strength or limitation of the humanist approach?
self actualise as a whole however we do It on our own in collectivist cultures , individualist cultures may not be able to explain behaviour
ao3: what examples of practical application does the humanist approach carry?
- evidence that has been helpful when applying to mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia
- rogers developed client centred therapy by giving unconditional positive regard to those with depression and anxiety
