Approaches - Humanism

Question 1

Assumptions of humanistic approach

Answer 1

Behaviour is subject to the individual’s conscious control & uniqueness

Question 2

Self actualisation

Answer 2

Innate tendency to fulfil their full potential

Question 3

Personal growth

Answer 3

Desire to succeed & make ourselves better

Question 4

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 4

1. Physiological needs (food, water, shelter)
2. Safety & security (health, family, employment)
3. Love & belonging (friendship, intimacy)
4. Self-esteem (confidence, achievement)
5. Self-actualisation (acceptance, spontaneity)

Question 5

Roger’s 3 selves

Answer 5

Self-concept, ideal-self, real-self

Question 6

Self-concept

Answer 6

How an individual perceives themselves to be

Question 7

Ideal-self

Answer 7

Who an individuals wants/aspires to be

Question 8

Real-self

Answer 8

Who the individual actually is

Question 9

Congruence

Answer 9

When the ideal self matches the self concept

Question 10

Incongruence

Answer 10

When the ideal self & self concept do not match

Question 11

2 basic needs (Rogers)

Answer 11

Positive regard from others & positive self worth

Question 12

Conditions of worth

Answer 12

Requirements/standards an individual feels they need to meet to be loved developed from parental conditional love (damage self concept)

Question 13

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 13

Loved for simply being who they are (could be provided by therapist)

Question 14

Strengths of humanism

Answer 14

+ Holistic (takes into account whole person, rather than breaking it up)
+ Positive (humans can be improved with free will, offers sense of hope)

Question 15

Limitations of humanism

Answer 15

• Subjectivity (untestable, undefined characteristics, vague concepts -> unscientific)
• Culture (Gambrel & Cianci 2003 -> China had a different hierarchy order -> westernised idea)