Approaches: Biological Flashcards
what are the assumptions of the biological approach?
everything psychological is first biological, we must look at biological structures and processes within the body (genes, neurochemistry, nervous system). an understanding of brain structure and function can explain our thoughts and behaviours. the mind lives in the brain - thoughts and feelings have a physical basis.
how do twin studies discuss the biological approach?
they are used to determine the likelihood that certain traits have a genetic basis by comparing concordance rates between twins. MZ twins have higher concordance rates than DZ twin. this is because MZ twins share 100% of each other’s genes, while DZ share 50%.
what are genotypes and phenotypes?
genotype = the actual genetic make-up. phenotype = how the genes are expressed physically and behaviourally. the expression of a genotype is influenced by the environment. despite MZ twins having the same genes, the phenotypes expressed are different
what’s natural selection?
any genetically determined behaviour that enhances an individual’s survival will continue in future generations. the individual with the desirable characteristics will be more likely to reproduce. this selection happens naturally as some traits give possessor certain advantages so they are more likely to survive.
how’s the biological approach a scientific methods of investigation?
the approach uses a range of precise and highly scientific methods, including scanning techniques (fMRIs, EEGs, family and twin studies). with technological advances, biological and neural processes are accurately measured. the approach is based on reliable data.
what’s the real-life application of the biological approach?
an increased understanding of biochemical processes in the brain has led to the development of psychoactive drugs that treat serious mental illnesses. these drugs aren’t effective for all patients, they have revolutionised treatment for many. it means sufferers are able to manage their condition and live a relatively normal life.
what are the casual conclusions of the biological approach?
it offers explanation for mental illness in terms of action of neurotransmitters in the brain. evidence comes from studies that show a particular drug reduces symptoms of a mental disorder so it’s assumed that neurochemicals cause the disorder. discovering an association between 2 factors doesn’t mean 1 is the cause.
