Approaches- Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
what methods are used in the Behaviourist Approach?
scientific method-
only directly observed and measured.
often use animals
behaviour is learnt through…
association
describe Pavlov’s Dog study
- dog is presented with food (US)triggering salvation(UR)
- bell is rang, no response(NS)
- food+bell learning stage
- dog salivate when bell is rang(CR)
-bell now conditioned stimulus.
what other points did Pavlov find in his study?
timing- US and NS must be presented at the same time.
stimulus generalisation- respond to similar stimuli
extinction- if bell repeatedly sounded without food, salivation disappears
what was the aim of the little albert experiment?
to demonstrate that phobias can be learnt through classical conditioning
what was the procedure of the little albert experiment?
Albert presented with white rat.
then white rat and loud noise.
repeated.
white rat without loud noise
what were the findings of the little albert experiment?
albert was unafraid of the rat
H after loud noise,
fear developed.
what is the conclusion of the little albert experiment?
fear can be conditioned in a young child.
fear can be generalised.
Operant conditioning believes that behaviour is learnt through…
conséquences
what was the aim of skinner’s research?
to test the effects of rewards on behaviour
what was the procedure of skinner’s research?
hungry eat placed in box
box has lever
if level knocked, food pellet.
what were the findings of skinner’s research?
rat quickly learned to press the lever to get reward.
consequences of reward made rat repeat.
identify three types of consequences that can follow behaviour
positive reinforcement- receive reward
negative reinforcement- avoid something unpleasant.
punishment-
weaken or eliminate behaviour
