APPROACHES AND HISTORY 09.19.18

Question 1

residual approach

Answer 1

• restrictive
• social welfare as limited and temporary
• each person is responsible for own welll-being
• hard work, personal, and financial risks
• little government interference
• human freedom and independence
• social hierarchy (survival of the fittest)
• value globalization
• possessive individualism
• protestant work ethic
• competition
• laissez faire
• utilitarianism
• rugged individualsim
• does not trust people with material support
• implemented when all things fail

Question 2

institutional approach

Answer 2

• supportive
• social welfare is necessary and normal
• material, emotional and spiritual
• interdependent (society)
• humans are constantly trying to improve their social functioning
• mutual aid, social justice, equality, altruism, common human needs, and social individuals

Question 3

structural approach

Answer 3

• welfare state is DIRECT CONTRADICTION to capitalism
• capitalism is exploitative and oppressive
• direct cause of social problems and inequities
• societal structure must change
• not embraced by CDN governments

Question 4

fall of feudalism and rise of capitalism

Answer 4

• 14th century
• more individual freedom but more insecurity
• serfs no longer protected by land owners
• increase in TRANSIENT, POOR PEOPLE
• labour SHORTAGE
• increase in INDUSTRIALIZATION

Question 5

statute of Labourers (1349)

Answer 5

• 1st social welfare legislation
• address BEGGING, VAGRANCY, and extreme labour shortage
• no change income
• mobility of labour limited
• licences for begging (people with disabilities)
• belief that humans are LAZY
• undeserving and deserving
• punish undeserving
• priority given to employer

Question 6

based on principles

Statute of Labourers

Answer 6

• beggars will remain idle if can live from begging
• idle will become deviants and criminals
• beggars should be compelled to work for wages
• people should not perpetuate the problem by giving assistance

Question 7

Elizabethan Poor Laws (1601)

Answer 7

• social welfare = legislated and formalized
• state has a role in social welfare
• move away from punishment to correction
• bedrock of welfare state

Question 8

major principles of Elizabethan Poor Laws

Answer 8

• families were responsible for themselves
• local parish (gov’t) was responsible for the poor
• distinction between the employable and unemployable

Question 9

Poor law Reform (1834)

Answer 9

• less eligibility: amount of assistance lower than the lowest wage
• outdoor vs. indoor relief
• three concepts: discipline, training, punishment

Question 10

outdoor relief 
(poor law reform)

Answer 10

• to occur in person’s place of residence
• deserving poor
• materials
• e.g. oil for lamps

Question 11

indoor relief
(poor law reform)

Answer 11

• provided to able-bodied
• forced to lived in workhouses
• relief was limited and punitive
• hard, manual labour

Question 12

1. discipline
2. training
3. punishment
   (3 concepts of poor laws)

Answer 12

1. people responsible for their own poverty
2. poor could be trained and employable
3. able-bodied poor are blameworthy

Question 13

historical debates

Answer 13

1. deserving vs. undeserving
2. economic security vs. disincentive work
3. bare subsistence vs. adequate standard of living
4. fact of need vs. cause of need